Now, I've been trying to get it to work for days now and I have no idea why it doesn't work (and I can't see any errors in the docker logs). I tried enabling Clinical Reasoning according to
https://github.com/hapifhir/hapi-fhir/issues/4826, but it didn't change anything. I also tried cqf-ruler version and it worked (still returned errors, but at least it didn't throw 400 at me). I tried removing each part of the url (subject, encounter, practitioner) and it still doesn't work. I verified that all aforementioned resources have been created correctly. I tried to find some tests with mock data on both JPA starter server repository and HAPI FHIR repository, but was unable to find any for $apply. I wanted to try it on data from public test server, but it's broken (returns Timeout Exception when fetching any resource).
I don't have too much experience with FHIR PlanDefinition operators, so I might be missing something. Any help would be appreciated.