Google Sheet
Shawnda Regal
Fact Sheet #41 explains the Child Labor Compliance Survey (CLS) program, which is designed to gather information about the employment of minors and the practices of employers in complying with child labor laws. The fact sheet also outlines the survey process and provides guidance on how to respond to a survey.
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Purpose of this fact sheet: This fact sheet gives a plain language summary of the NPRM. The summary is designed to provide introductory information about this proposal for people who may not have a legal background. For all of the details about our proposal, please read the NPRM.
Everyone that has obligations under Title II of the ADA would be covered by the proposed rule. Title II of the ADA applies to all public entities, including state and local governments, and departments, agencies, special purpose districts, special district governments, and other instrumentalities of state or local government. Title II and the NPRM use the term public entities or state and local government entities to describe who they apply to, but in this fact sheet, we call these state and local governments. State and local governments that contract with other entities to provide public services (like non-profit organizations that run drug treatment programs on behalf of a state agency) also have an obligation to ensure that their contractors follow Title II.
The Sheet Music Consortium is exposing music publisher information extracted from the Consortium's data as linked open data LOD). Read more...
- February 15, 2013 Collections and services update The Sheet Music Consortium now provides cross collection searching to 22 sheet music collections and a total of 226,914 items. If you manage a collection that you would like to be searchable through this site read the Participationpage and contact us!
In addition there is a Metadata Mapping Tool, developed at Indiana University, making it possible to upload, crosswalk and validate metadata from a variety of sources, including plain text files, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (.xls or .xlsx), or dBase files (.dbf). If you have data in one of these formats, then that data can probably be contributed to the Consortium. The Mapping Tool exports an XML file containing metadata that can be harvested by the Sheet Music Consortium and made available for searching on the Consortium Web site. In addition to the data mapping function, the tool includes a data validation function, which tests the metadata against the Consortium's sheet music metadata best practices. More information is available here.
The Metadata Mapping Tool is part of a suite of tools that will allow museums, archives, libraries and other cultural heritage organizations to make their locally stored sheet music records available for online searching on the Sheet Music Consortium portal. With this tool Sheet music collection managers can map their sheet music records into MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema), DC (Dublin Core) and QDC (Qualified Dublin Core) to create OAI-compliant XML records. The tool will upload data from a variety of source formats (e.g. text or Excel spreadsheet files), walk the user through a process to map data from their locally defined metadata to a standard schema (MODS, DC, QDC), and output an XML file that is compliant with the Open Archives Initiative standard for a Static Repository. That Static Repository can then be harvested by the Consortium metadata harvester for inclusion in the Sheet Music Consortium Web site.
Small sheets are perfect for things like roasting small batches of cookies, veggies or a couple chicken breasts. Truly nonstick. Made a batch of Rice Krispie treats to test it out. They popped right out - no spray or parchment paper required. Sugar cookies browned evenly on the bottoms. Very happy with this purchase.
In most of the world, sheet metal thickness is consistently specified in millimeters. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Commonly used steel sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge. Gauge differs between ferrous (iron-based) metals and nonferrous metals such as aluminum or copper. Copper thickness, for example, is measured in ounces, representing the weight of copper contained in an area of one square foot. Parts manufactured from sheet metal must maintain a uniform thickness for ideal results.[1]
There are many different metals that can be made into sheet metal, such as aluminium, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and titanium. For decorative uses, some important sheet metals include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum sheet metal is also utilized as a catalyst). These metal sheets are processed through different processing technologies, mainly including cold rolling and hot rolling. Sometimes hot-dip galvanizing process is adopted as needed to prevent it from rusting due to constant exposure to the outdoors. Sometimes a layer of color coating is applied to the surface of the cold-rolled sheet to obtain a decorative and protective metal sheet, generally called a color-coated metal sheet.
Sheet metal is used in automobile and truck (lorry) bodies, major appliances, airplane fuselages and wings, tinplate for tin cans, roofing for buildings (architecture), and many other applications. Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines. Historically, an important use of sheet metal was in plate armor worn by cavalry, and sheet metal continues to have many decorative uses, including in horse tack. Sheet metal workers are also known as "tin bashers" (or "tin knockers"), a name derived from the hammering of panel seams when installing tin roofs.[2]
Hand-hammered metal sheets have been used since ancient times for architectural purposes. Water-powered rolling mills replaced the manual process in the late 17th century. The process of flattening metal sheets required large rotating iron cylinders which pressed metal pieces into sheets. The metals suited for this were lead, copper, zinc, iron and later steel. Tin was often used to coat iron and steel sheets to prevent it from rusting.[3] This tin-coated sheet metal was called "tinplate." Sheet metals appeared in the United States in the 1870s, being used for shingle roofing, stamped ornamental ceilings, and exterior façades. Sheet metal ceilings were only popularly known as "tin ceilings" later as manufacturers of the period did not use the term. The popularity of both shingles and ceilings encouraged widespread production. With further advances of steel sheet metal production in the 1890s, the promise of being cheap, durable, easy to install, lightweight and fireproof gave the middle-class a significant appetite for sheet metal products. It was not until the 1930s and WWII that metals became scarce and the sheet metal industry began to collapse.[4] However, some American companies, such as the W.F. Norman Corporation, were able to stay in business by making other products until Historic preservation projects aided the revival of ornamental sheet metal.
Grade 304 is the most common of the three grades. It offers good corrosion resistance while maintaining formability and weldability. Available finishes are #2B, #3, and #4. Grade 303 is not available in sheet form.[5]
Aluminium is widely used in sheet metal form due to its flexibility, wide range of options, cost effectiveness, and other properties.[6] The four most common aluminium grades available as sheet metal are 1100-H14, 3003-H14, 5052-H32, and 6061-T6.[5][7]
In sheet hydroforming, variation in incoming sheet coil properties is a common problem for forming process, especially with materials for automotive applications. Even though incoming sheet coil may meet tensile test specifications, high rejection rate is often observed in production due to inconsistent material behavior. Thus there is a strong need for a discriminating method for testing incoming sheet material formability. The hydraulic sheet bulge test emulates biaxial deformation conditions commonly seen in production operations.
Use of gauge numbers to designate sheet metal thickness is discouraged by numerous international standards organizations. For example, ASTM states in specification ASTM A480-10a: "The use of gauge number is discouraged as being an archaic term of limited usefulness not having general agreement on meaning."[10]
Some steel tubes are manufactured by folding a single steel sheet into a square/circle and welding the seam together.[12]Their wall thickness has a similar (but distinct) gauge to the thickness of steel sheets.[13]
During the rolling process the rollers bow slightly, which results in the sheets being thinner on the edges.[5] The tolerances in the table and attachments reflect current manufacturing practices and commercial standards and are not representative of the Manufacturer's Standard Gauge, which has no inherent tolerances.
where k is a factor taking into account several parameters including friction. T is the ultimate tensile strength of the metal. L and t are the length and thickness of the sheet metal, respectively. The variable W is the open width of a V-die or wiping die.
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