Contrairement au Président Martelly Haïti en marche souhaite l'extradition des anciens Présidents d'Haïti en Floride

[CHJ Gomez]

 

Mesdames et Messieurs,

 

Cette fois-ci, “Yo pap prend nous nan pèlin réconciliation’a ».

 

Oui, la République d’Haïti a signé un traité d’extradition avec les États Unis d’Amérique, signé le 8 Aout 1904 à Washington.(1)

http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/en/traites/en_traites-ext-usa-hti.pdf

 

Cependant, il y a un caveat: “None of the Contracting parties will be bound to turn over their own citizen”. C’est-à-dire les gouvernements respectifs ne sont pas obliges d’extradier leurs ressortissants.

Cette lacune a été comblée par les clauses de la Convention de Vienne de 1988.

 

La République d’Haïti a signé un traité d’extradition avec les Nations Unies, c’est la Convention de Vienne en 1988. (2) Un traité à caractère multilatéral. Donc les citoyens Haïtiens sont devenus passible d’extradition.

UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 1988

Article 6

EXTRADITION

 

De plus, il y a une jurisprudence bien établie et des précédents bien documentés. Depuis que les forces américaines ont escorté hors du pays, l'ancien président haïtien Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Haïti n'a pas refusé aucune demande d'extradition par les autorités américaines. "La coopération d’Haïti avec les USA depuis le départ d'Aristide a été très bonne», dira l’ambassadeur d’Haïti. Mr. Joseph. Le Gouvernement Haïtien a coopéré aux demandes spécifiques d’expulsion des non-Haïtiens et des trafiquants haïtiens de drogue. Un accord maritime américano-haïtien supportant  la lutte contre les stupéfiants est entré en vigueur en 2002, et le Gouvernement Haïtien a approuvé systématiquement toutes les demandes de l'USCG  de survol de ses eaux territoriales, afin de détecter et de dissuader la migration illégale. Le Gouvernement Haïtien a signé, mais non ratifié, le traité d'entraide judiciaire de l'OEA, la Convention interaméricaine contre la corruption, l'accord des Caraïbes maritime régional, la Convention des Nations Unies contre la criminalité transnationale organisée, et la Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption. Depuis, la DEA a facilité l'arrestation et l'expulsion des ressortissants haïtiens / colombiens suivants qui sont membres des cartels de la drogue, en l’occurrence:

le Chef du Palais de la sécurité, Oriel Jean,

l’ancien chef, Evintz Brillant;

le sénateur haïtien Flurel Célestin;

l’homme d'affaires haïtien Jean Salim Batrony et

les trafiquants de stupéfiants comme Jean Ronald Veilot, Charles Maxime Lafontant, Jean Eliobert JASME, Carlos Ovalle, Eddie Aurilien et Jacques Kétant.

http://www.haiti-info.com/?Haiti-International-Narcotics

 

La réconciliation n’est pas de la tolérance, ni une occasion para-légale de continuité de la criminalité.

Jedi (miroir d’Haïti)

 

 

References

 

(1)

http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/fr/traites/fr_traites-ext-hti-usa1904.html  (Français)

http://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/en/traites/en_traites-ext-usa-hti.pdf (Anglais)

 

FRA | ENG | ESP | POR   Citation : Date of entry into force : 1904-08-09 Languages : fr, en Source : Location of the original : Related documents : Related Internet ressources : Last update :

EXTRADITION Treaty dated August 9, with The United States of America The Republic of Haiti and the United States of America desiring to insure Adequate administration of Justice, have decided to conclude a treaty to the effect of mutually handing over individuals whom being accused of the crimes specified hereafter, or whom having been accused of any one of those crimes, have escaped legal pursuit and sentence of their condemnation by fleeing. To such end, They Have appointed their Plenipotentiary namely: The President of the Republic of Haiti, Mr. J.N. Léger Extraordinary envoy and minister plenipotentiary of Haiti to Washington and, The President of the United States of America, Mr. John Hay, American Secretary of State. Both of whom having spread their full power and having found them in due from have agreed on the following articles: Article 1. The highly eminent contracting parties pledges to hand over to their respective justice those individuals whom, accused of any of the crimes or condemned for any of the crimes hereafter described having been committed within the limits of the jurisdiction of the claiming party, would have taken refuge or would have been found inside the territory of the other party, provided that, in accordance with the laws of the country where theses individuals so accused or so condemned would have been found, proofs of their crime would indubitably justify their arrest and trial if the crime or the offence would have taken place there. Article 2. The crimes for which extradition is to be granted are the following: 1o) Murder (Assassination, parricide, child-murder, poisoning, and voluntary homicide); 2o) Counterfeiting money, be it metallic, or paper. Issuance of counterfeit money or altered money on the territory of one of the contracting parties; 3o) Counterfeiting of any bill, title, documents, coupons of public debts, banknotes and other instruments of credit authorized by law, issuance, use and introduction on the territory of any one of the contracting parties, of the aforesaid titles or bills counterfeited, or falsified. 4o) Forgery of public or private documents, use of forged instrument 5o) Thieving, robbery, or whatever corresponds to prescribed crimes punishable by Haitian laws such as armed robbery, robbery by violence, or by threats, either in public roads hold-ups, or whatever correspond to prescribed crimes punishable by Haitian laws such as: escalade, fake keys, or those done by night in a residential section or being used as living quarter. 6o) Embezzlement performed by public officers or by persons hired, or those used as part time employees to the prejudice of their employer, provided that the value of embezzled objects be not less than two hundred dollars (Us Currency). 7o) Fire, Railroad destruction, of Tramways, of Ships, of Public buildings or any other constructions when human lives would have been imperiled 8o) False evidence, subordination, corruption or any act of offering, or receiving a reward in influencing a duty imposed by the law. 9o) Rape 10o) Bigamy 11o) Kidnapping 12o) Piracy such as defined by law or by international law. Article 3. Extradition must also be granted for any attempt by an individual to commit any of the crimes mentioned above or any abettor to these crimes or any attempt to commit such crimes when the abetment along with the attempt are punishable by the laws of the party demanding extradition. Article 4. None of the Contracting parties will be bound to turn over their own citizen. Article 5. If the person to be extradited is under legal proceedings either in Haiti or in the United States for any crime other that which have motivated the request for extradition, will be postponed until judgement is rendered and if there is condemnation, until the penalty imposed is entirely done or adjourned. The extradition may also be postponed when the claimed person is the object of a legal pursuit for imprisonment in the country where he is to be extruded from. In such. Article 6. The fugitive whom will have been also claimed by two or more states will be handed to the State which was the first to claim him unless the state to whom the request had been made to is compelled by treaty to allow preference to one of the claiming parties. Article 7. The enacting terms of the present treaty does not apply to infringements having a political nature. The Assassination, the poisoning of a head of state or any attempt on the life of a head of state are to considered as crimes of political nature. An individual whose extradition had been granted for any one of the crimes mentioned in Article 2 of the present convention, will not, in any case, be judged for political reason or for an act of political nature that took place prior to the extradition request, unless such an act was made by the individual while he had complete freedom to leave the country during the month that followed his release from prison either because of acquittal, at the end of his term, or by pardon. Article 8. An individual having been extruded cannot be, without the consent of the state having granted extradition, detained of tried, in the state which have obtained his extradition, for another crime, or any other causes than that which that have motivated the extradition. This stipulation does not apply to crimes committed prior to the extradition. However, the individual whom will have had complete freedom to leave the country having obtained his extradition and whom will have been found there one month following his release by acquittal, completion of his term or by pardon, may be arrested and tried without consent of the state whom will have granted extradition for crimes other than those that had motivated the extradition demand. Article 9. When the arrest and the detention of a runaway will be required in the United States by cable or by any other means prior to the presentation of formal evidence, a complaint under oath, as requested by the statutes of the United States of America, will be filed by an agent of the Haitian government in the presence of a judge or any other legal officer authorized to issue warrants in cases of extradition. In Haiti, the diplomatic or consular agent of the United States will address through the intermediary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a complaint to the Governmental Commissioner or any legal officer authorized to issue warrants of commitment. The arrest and temporary detentions of the runaway will end and the prisoner will be released if the formal demand of extradition along with necessary evidence of the crime, are not made in compliance with the stipulations of the present convention and within sixty days as of the date of arrest. Article 10. Any demand for extradition will be made through the mediation of the diplomatic agents of the highly eminent contracting parties. In the event of absence or prevention of these agents, the demand may be done by the consuls. Such demand will be instructed in compliance with the laws of both parties. Nonetheless if it pertains to an individual already condemned for one of the crimes previously stated, the request will only be accompanied by the condemnation judgment duly certified by the competent state authority who requested the extradition. Article 11. In the preliminary examination that they may have to do in accordance with their own legislation, the authorities of the requesting state, must be habilitated to decide over the demand for extradition, will accept as valid evidence all the testimonies and the declarations made by the witnesses of the other state, copies of them and writ of arrest issued, as long as these documents are signed by a competent officer of the state requesting the extradition. Article 12. All objects found in the possession of the runaway that were used in the accomplishment of the crime of which the runaway is accused, or which may serve as proof of such crime will be seized at the time of arrest and turned over with the prisoner to the country requesting extradition. However the rights that any third party may have on these objects will be respected. Article 13. Cost of detention, of proceedings and delivery made by virtue of the preceding articles, will be at the expense of the demanding party. It is however agreed that the demanding party will have nothing to pay to the public servants of the state to whom the demand is made as they receive fixed salaries. Those employees having no fixed salaries but benefit from sundries, will not claim any expenses other than those allowed them in ordinary criminal proceedings. Article 14. The stipulations of the present treaty are applicable to the island possessions of the United States of America. If this be the case, the demand for extradition will be addressed to the Governor or to the main authority of that possession by the consult of Haiti. Article 15. This present Treaty will remain effective until it is denounced and will cease to bind the parties six months after one of them will have notified the other of his intention to end it. (2)   http://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1988_en.pdf     UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 1988

Article 6

EXTRADITION

1. This article shall apply to the offences established by the Parties in accordance with article 3,

paragraph 1.

2. Each of the offences to which this article applies shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable

offence in any extradition treaty existing between Parties. The Parties undertake to include such offences

as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them.

3. If a Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for

extradition from another Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention as

the legal basis for extradition in respect of any offence to which this article applies. The Parties which

require detailed legislation in order to use this Convention as a legal basis for extradition shall consider

enacting such legislation as may be necessary.

4. The Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize

offences to which this article applies as extraditable offences between themselves.

5. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the law of the requested Party or by

applicable extradition treaties, including the grounds upon which the requested Party may refuse

extradition.

6. In considering requests received pursuant to this article, the requested State may refuse to comply

with such requests where there are substantial grounds leading its judicial or other competent authorities

to believe that compliance would facilitate the prosecution or punishment of any person on account of his

race, religion, nationality or political opinions, or would cause prejudice for any of those reasons to any

person affected by the request.

7. The Parties shall endeavour to expedite extradition procedures and to simplify evidentiary

requirements relating thereto in respect of any offence to which this article applies.

8. Subject to the provisions of its domestic law and its extradition treaties, the requested Party may,

upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant and are urgent, and at the request of the

requesting Party, take a person whose extradition is sought and who is present in its territory into

custody or take other appropriate measures to ensure his presence at extradition proceedings.

7

9. Without prejudice to the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established in accordance with its

domestic law, a Party in whose territory an alleged offender is found shall:

a) If it does not extradite him in respect of an offence established in accordance with

article 3, paragraph l, on the grounds set forth in article 4, paragraph 2, subparagraph a),

submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution, unless otherwise

agreed with the requesting Party;

b) If it does not extradite him in respect of such an offence and has established its

jurisdiction in relation to that offence in accordance with article 4, paragraph 2,

subparagraph b), submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of

prosecution, unless otherwise requested by the requesting Party for the purposes of

preserving its legitimate jurisdiction.

10. If extradition, sought for purposes of enforcing a sentence, is refused because the person sought is

a national of the requested Party, the requested Party shall, if its law so permits and in conformity with

the requirements of such law, upon application of the requesting Party, consider, the enforcement of the

sentence which has been imposed under the law of the requesting Party, or the remainder thereof.

11. The Parties shall seek to conclude bilateral and multilateral agreements to carry out or to enhance

the effectiveness of extradition.

12. The Parties may consider entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements, whether ad hoc or

general, on the transfer to their country of persons sentenced to imprisonment and other forms of

deprivation of liberty for offences to which this article applies, in order that they may complete their

sentences there.

 

From: grands...@yahoogroups.com [mailto:grands...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Carline m. Bazile
Sent: Tuesday, April 10, 2012 5:10 PM
To: grands...@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Grands D�bats] Contrairement au President Martelly Haiti en marche souhaite l'extradition des anciens Presidents d'Haiti en Floride

 

 

LA JUSTICE DE MARTELLY Le refus d’extradition n’efface pas la faute commise  JACMEL, 1er Avril – Il se dit que le président Michel Martelly n’acceptera d’extrader aucun Haïtien. Pour la simple raison qu’Haïti n’a pas signé de traité d’extradition. Ceci implique d’abord tous ceux menacés d’une telle requête de la part d’un pays ayant des relations avec le nôtre. Par exemple, le présumé meurtrier d’un consul honoraire de France en Haïti, Amaral Duclona, a été extradé en France non par Haïti mais par la République dominicaine où il s’était réfugié.  Aujourd’hui qu’une affaire de pots de vin payés à des officiels haïtiens en rapport avec la Teleco (compagnie nationale de télécommunications) se trouve devant la justice fédérale à Miami, une rumeur veut que l’inculpation peut remonter jusqu’à l’ex-président Jean-Bertrand Aristide sous le mandat duquel les faits reprochés ont été commis … C’est à ce sujet, paraît-il, que le président Martelly aurait averti : ‘personne ne sera extradé, ce serait contraire à notre politique de réconciliation nationale.’ C’est dans le cadre de cette réconciliation que le président Martelly a visité tous les chefs d’Etat qui l’ont précédé au pouvoir et qui sont encore vivants, dont MM. Aristide et Jean-Claude Duvalier. Pas de traité d’extradition avec les USA … Ainsi donc Haïti n’a pas signé de traité d’extradition avec les Etats-Unis. Vous me direz, c’est une plaisanterie, ne sommes-nous pas depuis longtemps sous l’obédience américaine ? Oui, mais ce sont les Etats-Unis d’abord qui n’en veulent pas parce que tout traité est d’application réciproque, c’est à dire joue légalement dans les deux sens. Or les Américains répugnent à l’idée qu’un des leurs soit jugé en terre étrangère.  Tout comme les Etats-Unis n’ont pas ratifié la constitution du Tribunal Pénal International. Le citoyen américain sera jugé aux Etats-Unis. Bien entendu avec toutes les rigueurs de la loi. Le Marine qui a récemment tué 16 civils afghans sans défense a été rapatrié aux Etats-Unis où il risque au moins la prison à vie. Sur terre, sur mer et dans le ciel … Mais pourquoi Haïti n’ayant pas de traité d’extradition avec les USA, des Haïtiens sont-ils envoyés quasi régulièrement en prison à Miami pour y attendre leur jugement ? Réponse : sous forte pression politico-diplomatique, le gouvernement du président René Préval a accepté que les autorités américaines puissent déployer leur dispositif en Haïti, sur terre, sur mer et dans le ciel pour combattre le trafic de drogue et l’émigration clandestine. Spécifiquement.  Les embarcations de boat-people peuvent être arraisonnées jusque dans les eaux haïtiennes pour forcer leurs occupants à rebrousser chemin. Mais cette disposition existe depuis le régime dictatorial de Baby Doc.  D’autre part, aujourd’hui, des présumés trafiquants de drogue sont embarqués couramment pour la prison en Floride.  Cependant on a vu le procédé s’élargir de plus en plus. Les kidnappeurs de citoyens américains sont aussi ‘extradés’ aux Etats-Unis.  Et dans l’affaire de la Teleco, deux anciens directeurs de la compagnie nationale comparaissent en Floride. Ce sont Jean René Duperval, ex-directeur des relations publiques, et Patrick Joseph, qui était directeur général au moment des faits. On ne peut pas tout avoir ! … En tant qu’haïtiens, ne devraient-ils pas être jugés là où le délit a été perpétré ? On dit cependant qu’ils ont des biens en Floride (comme c’est le cas pour un grand nombre de nos concitoyens) et que c’est un facteur qui joue aussi. Si la superpuissance américaine se fait sentir de plus en plus dans des domaines considérés jusque-là comme relevant de la souveraineté nationale (par exemple, la justice), mais force est de noter aussi l’importance de plus en plus grandissante de la présence haïtienne aux Etats-Unis … cela pouvant nous obliger à de plus en plus de compromis. On ne peut pas tout avoir ! Toujours est-il que le pouvoir Martelly aurait décidé de mettre un frein. De refuser cette politique carte blanche. Faut-il placer dans ce même esprit la décision de ne pas se soumettre au dictat américain à vouloir tout contrôler dans le domaine de l’aide du Venezuela à Haïti à cause du différent idéologique entre Washington et Caracas. Le chef de l’Etat, ainsi que le ministre des affaires étrangères Laurent Lamothe, l’ont formulé ainsi : Haïti a besoin de toute l’assistance extérieure qu’elle peut trouver mais nous n’avons effectué aucun virage quel qu’il soit. Est-ce aussi le cas dans le dossier des anciens militaires, comme beaucoup commencent à le penser ? Est-ce que ces hommes armés et leurs recrues qui occupent les anciens camps de l’armée dissoute (en 1995) sont une façon (informelle) de contourner l’opposition des Etats-Unis à la réhabilitation des anciennes Forces Armées d’Haïti (FAD’H) ? Procéder au jugement de ceux-là dont on refuse l’extradition … Par contre, le pouvoir Martelly a-t-il les moyens de procéder au jugement de ceux-là dont il refuserait l’extradition ? Un cas emblématique c’est celui de Mr. Guy Philippe, l’ex-commissaire de police et chef des rebelles anti-Aristide de 2004, qui se trouvait en tête de la marche des anciens soldats le jeudi 29 mars écoulé (25e anniversaire de la Constitution) au Cap-Haïtien et qu’on dit officiellement recherché par la DEA (police américaine anti-drogue). Les Etats-Unis n’acceptent pas d’extrader leurs citoyens mais ceux-ci n’échappent pas pour autant à la justice. Ne pas extrader Jean-Claude Duvalier - mais la justice sous le pouvoir Martelly n’a-t-elle pas déjà pris la décision de l’exempter du jugement pour les crimes contre l’humanité commis sous les trente ans de dictature inhumaine exercée par lui-même succédant à son père, Papa Doc (1957-1986).  Et peut-on procéder en Haïti même au jugement de Jean-Bertrand Aristide au cas où son implication dans le dossier corruption de la Teleco viendrait à être démontrée ! Pour finir voici le président Martelly lui-même rattrapé par le scandale des contrats signés de façon pas tout à fait réglementaire (selon une commission gouvernementale d’audit) avec des compagnies dominicaines appartenant à un sénateur proche du président Leonel Fernandez, Felix Bautista.  Ce dernier aurait participé au financement de la campagne du candidat Michel Martelly pour plus de 2, 5 millions de dollars américains. Les dossiers corruption se suivent mais jusqu’ici n’ont rien changé aux pratiques locales.  Haïti en Marche, 1er Avril 2012  Carline "Lavalas, INITE ak demokrasi se lèt ak sitwon, yo kwè nan dezod, nan anachi, nan kidnapping, nan koudeta, nan touye moun ak nan volè byen leta"

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