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A course syllabus is an academic document that communicates information about a specific course and explains the rules, responsibilities and expectations associated with it. A course syllabus may be set out by an exam board or prepared by the professor who supervises or controls course qualities. A course syllabus outlines connections between learning outcomes and content, as well as pedagogical practice to guide students in their learning.
Some major clubs have par-3 courses that go along with their traditional, 18-hole course (Augusta National comes to mind). Many resorts are beginning to put in short courses including Sand Valley (the Sandbox), Pinehurst (The Cradle) and Bandon Dunes (The Preserve). There are great par-3 courses around the U.S. including the beautiful Palm Beach Par-3.
What are the rules around setting up cross listed courses? They are very few, although you will probably hear different requirements from different institutions. Most of the rules are set in place to help registrars and faculties to manage these courses and will depend upon technology and educational philosophy and economics (yes, filthy lucre has an influence here) of the institution.
There are only two hard-and-fast rules for cross-listed courses. The first is that students must have the same learning experience for a course to be a true cross-list. The second is to ensure that students cannot get credit for the same course twice (i.e., under a different name). [Thanks to Lauren Charlton, Registrar at UVic, for this one.]
4. Clearly indicate that students will receive credit for only one course when evaluating a cross-listed course. For example, if the student has taken both ANTH 100 and SOCI 100 and these courses are cross-listed, they will only receive credit for one of these courses, not both.
When students register for courses the computer system will check for the pre- or corequisite required for the course they have selected. The system will check courses completed or in progress at SUNY Oswego, and transferred courses taken at other colleges that are equivalent to the pre/co requisite required at Oswego when they have been recorded from official transcripts.
The pre and co requisites for all courses can be found under the course descriptions in the College Catalog or by clicking on the course number within myOswego when doing a search of courses that are being offered. Current prerequisites that are enforced are in the online catalog.
Course pre/corequisites will not be electronically enforced on graduate level courses. However, in the rare instance where a graduate student seeks to take an undergraduate level course they must go through the same process as non-matriculated students listed above.
Only 92 of the golf courses in Scotland (17%) are true links courses, though this includes most of the historic courses. Another 5% of Scottish courses are coastal with some properties of 'links' courses and moorland vegetation. Apart from links courses, the other main types of Scottish golf courses are parkland (61%) and moorland (17%).
The meaning of words changes over time. Originally a 'links' was any rough grassy area between the sea and the land and the word itself is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word 'hlinc', of about 931 AD, meaning a ridge. Later the word was used to denote any common grassy area and today the term 'The Links' is commonly used to refer to any golf course.
True links soil is sandy and because of the lack of its moisture, the grass tends to have short blades with long roots. The grass in the rough is often wispy long grass which makes play very difficult even in a good lie. Links courses drain well and provide a very firm golfing surface all year round, and are thus the preferred choice of most good golfers.
Links land is common on the east coast of Scotland from Wick to Berwick, but it is also found in the south-west coast and the Hebridean islands, as can be seen from the distribution of links courses in the map below from Robert Price's book.
Early golf developed on links land. In time the golf links were cultivated and the sand and burns (small rivers) that crossed the links were shaped into the hazards that they are today, the Bunker and the Water Hazard.
While there may have been permanent golf holes created on early courses, the order to play was variable, as evidenced by reports at Earlsferry. On St Andrews Old Course the holes were in a line and thus could only be played in a given order, which eliminated confusion and interference. To avoid these problems, the Aberdeen Golf Club laid out a defined course on Aberdeen Links in August 1780, the first known to do so.
The land is naturally undulating and extensive but of little agricultural value and thus very suitable for this kind of use. The combination of the links and 'featherie' ball were probably the making of golf while other similar games died out for lack such a suitable place to play, where you had the excitement of being able to hit a ball out-of-sight.
Because there were no mechanical grass cutters before the mid-nineteenth century, golf was predominantly played in winter when the grass was naturally short following animal grazing. The links area on the east coast was accessible to the golfers of the time and coincides with the area of minimal rainfall in Scotland. With its better drainage, links land is therefore more suitable for winter play and was less damaging to the early leather stitched golf balls that were used.
When golf was banned by royal decree from 1457 to 1502, the fact that golfers could retreat to the links, out of sight of the populace, would have made it easier for golf to be played despite the official prohibitions. The same would also have true of Sunday golf during the period of religious persecution for Sabbath golf from 1580 to 1724.
The Links in Scotland may not just be why people come to play golf here, but why golf developed into the popular and successful game that it is. With club and ball, the links is one of the Golf Trinity which only Scotland had and which enabled the game to develop properly.
More details about links land can be found in Robert Price's book 'Scotland's Golf Courses'. More details of 84 of the Scottish links courses can be found in True Links by George Pepper and Malcolm Campbell as well as details of 162 links course elsewhere in the world.
Scottish Golf History is a self-funding site. The site is visited by over 1,000 people a week and needs 100 people a year to donate $10 to meet its yearly costs. Please be the one of the hundred who does so!
The Definition of Terms section provides a guide to the terminology of academic regulations, procedures, and course descriptions. The section entitled Course Numbering explains the significance of the course numbering system used at the University of Houston. This is generic information only; for specific course descriptions or degree requirements, see the appropriate department listing.
Academic warning. Freshman students who earn less than a 2.00 grade point average in the first long term (i.e., Fall or Spring) of enrollment at UH are placed on academic warning. Students on academic warning are not on probation and cannot be suspended. Undeclared students on academic warning must be advised by advisors at Undergraduate Student Success . Students with majors must be advised by advisors of their major departments.See Academic Standing section of this catalog.
Course listings. Online list of courses and sections for a specific term, including names of instructors; day, hour, and place of class meetings; and detailed enrollment (registration) procedures.
Cumulative grade point average (see grade points). The cumulative grade point average is based upon work taken at the University of Houston, including courses that are repeated, for which grade point values are assigned. The cumulative grade point average indicates overall performance and is computed by dividing the total number of grade points earned by the number of semester hours attempted, excluding hours for which a grade of S, U, I, or W is earned.
Drop. Official dropping of one or more, but not all, of the courses for which students are enrolled. Usually initiated by students but can be done in certain instances by faculty or other campus personnel. University policy and State law limit the number of drops a student may have in their college career. See also: Withdrawal
Good academic standing. An undergraduate student with a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 2.00 or above is considered to be in good academic standing with the university. See Academic Standing section of this catalog.
Major, unspecified. This designation, which may be used by freshmen enrolling in certain colleges, indicates that students have selected the college, but not a specific major within the college.
Negative service indicator. A hold placed on an account that prevents the student from receiving certain services pending resolution of any academic, disciplinary, or financial problem.
Readmission. Students must petition for permission to reenroll at the University of Houston depending on their academic standing and length of time since last enrollment. Readmission is neither automatic nor guaranteed. See Readmission for Former UH Students .
Summer session. Term of study during which courses are offered in sessions of various lengths. Each session (Summer Session 1, Summer Session 2, Summer Session 3, Summer Session 4) is equivalent to a semester in terms of class hours and credit granted.
Suspension, academic or disciplinary. A status in which students are not permitted to enroll for courses for a specified time period. See Academic Standing section of this catalog.
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