Bhagat Singh Essay Writing In Telugu
Ophelia Gurin
This book named as Chandrashekhar Azad: Mythk Banam Yatharth(Myth vs Reality) published by Lokbharti Prakashan Allahabad in 2023 end , has run into second edition within three months, despite being a large sized book-510 pages of text and 16 pages of multiple photographs. Author has presumed that many books written on Azad, ae full of mythical stories about him (as many on Bhagat Singh as well) and his task is to analyse the books with the help of historic records, mostly from police or archival records and present his own assessment of the claims made in these books. He has based his findings on the base of 125 books-114 in Hindi and 11 in English, 14 special issues on Azad or revolutionaries, all in Hindi, forty primary sources, books and reports etc, the list of which he has provided in bibliography. In nearly 380 pages in twelve chapters, the author has recreated the life story of Azad, but in nine appendices, including bibliography he has devoted another 125 pages, some of which are as important` as earlier chapters of the book like personality, ideology and memoirs of Azad by his fellow revolutionizes, though it has also led to repetition at some pages of both sections of the book.
Azad was honoured publicly by Banaras Congress committee on 1st September 1922 for his brave acts. The story of name Azad also begins here. His name is printed as first name among 16 non adults in Daily Aaj during December 1921, as Azad in bracket (Chandrashekhar) During his lashing sentence, there was no story in Aaj at the time of lashes news, but later Bhavishya from Allahabad carried as name Azad, Fathers name Swadhin, residence Jail in some issue!
During his participation in Satyagrah, Azad wrote a letter to Hindi daily Aaj, whose editor Shiv Prasad Sitare Hind as a fiery nationalist and it was published signed by four satyagrihs, including Azad. In a chapter in appendix-Letters of Azad, Gopender Pratap has produced four letters, one which is hand written in Devnagri script and is quite viral in social media, other three are printed ones, from which one looks doubtful to the author. But another letter, a bit long, which was perhaps dictated by Azad to his friend and biographer Vishavnath Vaishampayan, reflects the maturity of Azad and also breaks the myth of his being illiterate or having little knowledge. Azad like Bhagat Singh was a polyglot, he could well understand Punjabi, Rajasthani, Bengali etc, but he was well versed in Hindi, Sanskrit and Urdu, all three, there are references of Azad reading and understanding these languages. Though he was not fascinated by books like Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Bhagwati Charan Vohra or some other revolutionaries, especially Bhagat Singh, about whom his comrades have mentioned as he not only read books, rather he devoured these! But to project Azad as just a military man without ideological understanding is unfair to him. He understood the term socialism, very well from his comrades. One of his comrades have mentioned reading Manifesto of The Communist Party many times, as Azad wished to understand socialism and he was convinced by Bhagat Singh.
There are many more things in the book of interest to know the real life of Chandrashekhar Azad, it is bit lengthy book, could have been compacted in shorter version, but it is authentic and sixteen pages of many historic photographs enriches it more. Those interested in authentic history of revolutionaries and can read Hindi, they can go for it. It will not disappoint them, it is useful for both activists and scholars/researchers.
I greatly admire the Cuban Revolution, which was achieved on January 1, 1959, led by Fidel Castro, as one of the most remarkable revolutions in world history. A small group of just 82 determined revolutionaries, who sailed from Mexico on the ship Granma in December 1956, successfully overthrew the powerful army of dictator Batista, thanks to the crucial support of Cuban peasants and workers, achieving a historic victory.
लगभग दस कर ड़ अध क, और दुनदुनय में पशु-शुसंख्सं य में भ रत क दूसदू र नंबनं र है धर्मपर्म र यण और
I was wondering how a system in different countries makes people of different backgrounds conduct themselves in accordance with the country they adopt to live in. All MLAs and ministers of Punjabi /Indian origin keep coming over to India and see how their counterparts in the Indian parliamentary system behave like feudal lords. While MLAs/ministers of Indian origin do all their work themselves, buying tea or coffee by standing in queue, the Indian feudal-minded parliamentarians cannot be even approached by common or even somewhat privileged Indians! Aam Aadmis (Common People in literal translation), become so Khas (Special), that even their close friends earlier are not responded to in any manner. I know one or two Cabinet ministers and senior functionaries of Punjab, who once took me to various monumental places relating to the Ghadar party like Stockton, Sacramento and San Francisco in the USA, will not even respond to my phone/Whatsapp calls/msgs or emails, so is in Delhi Aam turns Khas after getting power!
*Chaman Lal is a retired Professor from JNU and Honorary Advisor Bhagat Singh Archives and Resource Centre, Delhi , has been in Canada recently for a lecture series on Shaheed Bhagat Singh. Whatsapp 9868774820, email Chaman...@gmail.com
The author, a Tamil, was in Lahore jail at the time of the execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev. In the fresh edition, Rajwanti Maan, in her brief introduction, has quoted from the biography but has not used the latest information to update.
It was a bit perplexing for me when I got a call from Sports University Patiala Vice Chancellor Lieutenant General (Retired) J S Cheema inviting me to be part of a discussion panel in a session on Bhagat Singh in Military literary festival, as I could not see any connection, since the military literary festival concentrates more on defence related books and matters, national and international. Among other panellists, he named Major General (Retd.) and Mahavir Chakra awardee Sheonan Singh, who is nephew of Bhagat Singh, but who never let it known during his whole military service, of this close relationship, as he thought it will be construed as seeking favour or privilege! Only after retirement, he let it be known in an interview in a national daily. That made me immediately accept the invite. He is not joining the panel due to urgent family function, but among mong all close relations of Bhagat Singh, he is one of most well read about Bhagat Singh and his ideas, as Ranbir Singh, his father and younger brother of Bhagat Singh had penned a biography of the great martyr in Urdu!
Sushila Didi, in the revolutionary circles, was almost as important as Durga Bhabhi, but she did not get as much fame. Sushila Didi, who later came to be known as Sushila Mohan, after marrying her friend Shyam ji Mohan, who provided her protection when the police were after her.
The Hindi book Didi Sushila Mohan is authored by Satyadev Vidyalankar and was first published in 1965 by Marwari Prakashan, Delhi at the printed price of just Rs.2.5, having 386 pages and several photographs. This is not just a biography of Sushila Didi, as she was known among fellow revolutionaries, it is also an edited volume, as it includes memoirs of Didi by fellow revolutionaries and an autobiographical note by Sushila Didi herself.
The whole volume, though somewhat spread out and not tightly edited, is a rich source of authentic information of Bhagat Singh, Hindustan Socialist Republic Association/Army and his comrades, of which Sushila Didi herself was a major, but quiet participant.
Sushila Didi was only 14 years old at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar. At that time Gujranwala railway station (now in Pakistan) was burnt and British forces in retaliation air-bombed the city and committed extreme tortures on the people. Mahatma Gandhi visited Gujranwala and while addressing a public meeting asked people to boycott foreign clothes and wear khadi. Sushila Didi was deeply impressed and gave her gold ring to Gandhi. She also started wearing khadi (hand-spun cotton), which she wore throughout her life except when she went underground. She was sent to a nationalist school, Kanya Mahavidyalaya, (set up by Lala Devraj) in Jalandhar in 1921, where she stayed till 1927. Another sympathiser of revolutionaries and Congress activist Kumari Lajjawati was the principal of the school, which later was upgraded to a college and continues till date.
Sushila Didi used to sing her own written poems and songs to spread nationalist feelings. During the visit of radical Congress leader Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das to her school, to greet him, she recited her poem, which was so emotional that he could not control his tears. On the arrest of Lala Lajpat Rai, a Punjabi song written by her was distributed throughout Punjab.
Sushila Didi was already in touch with the revolutionaries. In 1926, on the occasion of the annual function of Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Dehradun, the students of KMV Jalandhar and National College Lahore met each other. Pandit Chet Ram, who was lecturer in Hindi at National College Lahore (teacher of Bhagat Singh) was the link among the students. Everyone then decided to dedicate themselves to the service of Mother India.
HSRA was in the process of formation then, and she had met Bhagwati Charan Vohra and his wife Durga Bhabhi at the Dehradun conference. Vohar wanted her to distribute HSRA pamphlets that advocated freedom of India by all means, including using violence, if need be. Sushila, with her close friends, secretly and carefully distributed the pamphlets in Jalandhar and sent its copies to officials through post. This created a sensation in Jalandhar.
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