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[Eboni Kleifgen]

The Halloween holiday is approaching, and while Battlefield 2042 doesn't deal with supernatural spookiness (mostly), it does want to convey a sense of fear for Season 6. Titled Dark Creations, EA and DICE are teasing an environment where fear is around every corner. It's a sensation that comes with claustrophobia, amplified by the new Season 6 map called Redacted.

The new Battlefield 2042 map, Redacted, is set in the Scottish Hebrides where a hidden tech-research facility conducts classified experiments. Taking cues from maps like Battlefield 4's Operation Locker and Battlefield 3's Operation Metro, this is a purely close-quarters affair. Vehicles are not allowed due to the map's tight dimensions. Emphasis is placed on in-your-face combat and well-coordinated infantry squads.

Season 6 will also include some new weapons. The VHX D3 is touted as a futuristic assault rifle hailed for its portability and its usefulness in close-range combat. If enemies get a little too close, let them have it with the semi-automatic L9CZ sidearm. Those who want to fight from a little farther away can opt for the new G428 DMR, which sports a high accuracy stat. With squads fighting more on foot, Season 6 will debut a new feature called Pouches. These can replenish health or ammo for nearby teammates, so players are encouraged to leave them in accessible places to help keep the fight going.

Just because Redacted doesn't allow for vehicles doesn't mean that DICE is skipping them for Season 6. Look for a new two-person transport called the YUV-2 Pondhawk to make its debut. This is meant less for combat and more for quick transport, as the transport can swiftly take two players to an objective point or to an outnumbered squad for support.

As with every new Battlefield 2042 season, expect to see a new Battle Pass with weapons, vehicles, gadgets, and cosmetics. DICE is also teasing a Halloween event, with more information coming later this month. Plus, expect to see some quality-of-life improvements, such as Aim Assist for console players, vehicle handling improvements, and balance tweaks. Look for more information on the Battlefield website. Battlefield 2042 Season 6: Dark Creations kicks off on Tuesday, October 10.

Urban warfare and Close Quarter Battle (CQB) are becoming more prevalent in military engagements and create highly charged situations in which it is almost impossible for the warfighter to anticipate every possible outcome. These challenges have become more evident through collaborations with elite forces such as U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and prove highly demanding in terms of warfighter performance and controlling outcomes. Yet, positive outcomes in CQB are recognized as key indicators for mission success.

Room clearing in urban areas is particularly demanding, because encounters are rarely ever the same. Soldiers are unable to envision and prepare for every possible outcome, so the ability to adapt rapidly to unpredictable circumstances is essential. Increasing the psychological pressure is the independent command structure created by urban warfare. Leadership must be highly fluid, and, in some instances, autonomy is essential because there is no time to communicate before making critical split-second decisions on actions. A breakdown in communications, an inaccuracy interpreting the situation, or an overly impulsive decision can easily lead to casualties.

In a dynamic, unique and unpredictable environment, warfighters must understand their environment on extremely short timescales and adapt their reactions with speed and initiative. As a result, making snap judgement calls in the heat of the moment is paramount.

However, high stress and unpredictability in close quarters can cause errors. In fact, in an urban CQB environment, even with well-trained soldiers, the casualty rate can often be higher than 50 percent. This is dramatic compared to most military operations, but perhaps not surprising.

When faced with highly stressful and chaotic environments, even elite soldiers can make errors in judgment that go against their previous training. This is highly problematic, as a single decision-making failure of one individual within a unit can quickly collapse an operation.

This makes sense from a neuroscience perspective, because when speed and efficiency of processing at very high levels is needed, fundamental cognitive capacities become critical influencers of performance. A non-military parallel for this effect was also seen in sports science study, where the same 3D multiple-object tracking intervention was used with soccer players and led to a 15-percent gain in passing and decision-making accuracy in competition.

The effects in the field of on-going cognitive training programs should be expected to deliver soldiers who are able to better anticipate immediate outcomes and act in a way that maximizes chances of success. By achieving cognitive dominance, injuries and death should be averted through greater readiness and autonomy when needed.

The field of neuroscience has made great strides in recent decades and appears to be an accelerating trend. However, harnessing that knowledge takes time, both in the development of practical technologies and in terms of institutional change. That being said, the initiatives now underway with military leaders and Special Forces suggest that a range of genuinely effective cognitive interventions may soon be coming. CQB is an example of how such training paradigms can grow directly out of performance needs in the field.

Hand-to-hand combat (sometimes abbreviated as HTH or H2H) is a physical confrontation between two or more persons at short range (grappling distance or within the physical reach of a handheld weapon) that does not involve the use of ranged weapons.[1] The phrase "hand-to-hand" sometimes include use of melee weapons such as knives, swords, clubs, spears, axes, or improvised weapons such as entrenching tools.[1] While the term "hand-to-hand combat" originally referred principally to engagements by combatants on the battlefield, it can also refer to any personal physical engagement by two or more people, including law enforcement officers, civilians, and criminals.[1]

Combat within close quarters, to a range just beyond grappling distance, is commonly termed close combat or close-quarters combat. It may include lethal and non-lethal weapons and methods depending upon the restrictions imposed by civilian law, military rules of engagement, or ethical codes. Close combat using firearms or other distance weapons by military combatants at the tactical level is referred to in contemporary parlance as close-quarters battle. The United States Army uses the term combatives to describe various military fighting systems used in hand-to-hand combat training, systems which may incorporate eclectic techniques from several different martial arts and combat sports.

Hand-to-hand combat is the most ancient form of fighting known. A majority of cultures have their own particular histories related to close combat, and their own methods of practice. The pankration, which was practiced in Ancient Greece and Rome, is an example of a form which involved nearly all strikes and holds, with biting and gouging being the only exceptions (although allowed in Sparta).[2] Many modern varieties of martial arts and combat sports, such as some boxing styles, wrestling and MMA, were also practiced historically. For example, Celtic wrestling is mentioned in the Tailteann Games dating back from somewhere between 1839 BC to 632 BC (academics disagree) to the 12th century AD when the Normans invaded. Other historical forms of close combat include the gladiator spectacles of ancient Rome and medieval tournament events such as jousting or medieval martial arts.

Military organizations have always taught some sort of unarmed combat for conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Soldiers in China were trained in unarmed combat as early as the Zhou dynasty (1022 BCE to 256 BCE).

Despite major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I, hand-to-hand fighting methods with the knife and bayonet remain common in modern military training, though the importance of formal training declined after 1918. By 1944 some German rifles were being produced without bayonet lugs.

After the May Thirtieth Movement, Fairbairn was charged with developing an auxiliary squad for riot control. After absorbing the most appropriate elements from a variety of martial arts experts, from China, Japan and elsewhere, he condensed these arts into a practical combat system he called Defendu. He and his police team went on to field test these skills on the streets of Shanghai; Fairbairn himself used his combat system effectively in over 2,000 documented encounters, including over 600 lethal-force engagements.[4]The aim of his combat system was simply to be as brutally effective as possible. It was also a system that, unlike traditional Eastern martial-arts that required years of intensive training, could be digested by recruits relatively quickly. The method incorporated training in point shooting and gun combat techniques, as well as the effective use of more ad hoc weapons such as chairs or table legs.

U.S. Army officers Rex Applegate and Anthony Biddle were taught Fairbairn's methods at a training facility in Scotland, and adopted the program for the training of OSS operatives at a newly opened camp near Lake Ontario in Canada. Applegate published his work in 1943, called Kill or Get Killed.[6] During the war, training was provided to British Commandos, the Devil's Brigade, OSS, U.S. Army Rangers and Marine Raiders.

Other combat systems designed for military combat were introduced elsewhere, including European Unifight, Soviet/Russian Sambo, Army hand-to-hand fight, Chinese military Sanshou/Sanda, Israeli Kapap and Krav Maga. The prevalence and style of hand-to-hand combat training often changes based on perceived need. Elite units such as special forces and commando units tend to place higher emphasis on hand-to-hand combat training.

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