No, they won't block the data, they just ignore the fields/features they do not support if my experience is anything to go by (and that's the case for transfer types 4 and 5).
Unfortunately I don't think there's any way to correctly represent what @Pavel is attempting with Google's current limitations. I have also ran into this exact issue. The new transfer types are not supported and the block_id definition implies not only an internal link between trips but also the "remain on board" message when transferring. Therefore, I believe the correct way to put this into your feed going forward is defining transfer_type=5 in the eventuality that they'll support it in the future and just represent future trips of a vehicle with trip updates in advance (eg. showing the known schedule adherence by keeping internal track of what would be the "block"). Of course, this will not show the vehicle for the following trips but at least seeing the "green" indication will reassure the users.
This is not the only spec defined feature that Google omits from their system that I believe detracts from the user experience. The fact that there is no support for specifying a dynamic wheelchair_accessible through GTFS realtime, no way to define the shape (eg. through the spec defined encoded_polyline) for real time added trips (very useful in case of a detour).
Have a nice day everyone :)
Best regards,
Bogdan.