Software Testing Tutorial Pdf BEST Download Manual Testing Notes
Keiko Bludworth
> Once the software is complete then it is deployed in the testing environment. The testing team starts testing (either test the software manually or using automated test tools depends on process defined in STLC)
> After successful testing, the product is delivered (deployed to the customer for their use), Deployment is done by the Deployment/Implementation engineers and Once when the customers start using the developed system then the actual problems will come up and needs to be solved from time to time.
> In this stage, System will be tested by testers, if the find any mismatch they report defects. Developers /Programmers fix the defects and then testers close defects by performing confirmation testing (Regression Testing).
> Evaluating the effects of changes, such as confirming that defects have been fixed (confirmation testing) and looking for unintended changes in behavior resulting from software or environment changes (regression testing)
> When changes are made to a system, either to correct a defect or because of new or changing functionality, testing should be done to confirm that the changes have corrected the defect or implemented the functionality correctly, and have not caused any unforeseen adverse consequences.
> Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) identifies what test activities to carry out and when to accomplish those test activities. Even though testing differs between organizations, there is a testing life cycle.
> In Test Execution phase the test cases are executed in the testing environment, while execution of the test cases the Testing team may find bugs which will be reported, bugs are fixed by the developer and they are retested by the Testing Team.
> Testing team will meet , discuss and analyze testing artifacts and evaluate Test cycle completion criteria. Identify strategies that have to be implemented in future and taking lessons from the current test cycle.
There are numerous types of software testing techniques that you can use to ensure changes to your code work as expected. Not all testing is equal though, and we explore how some testing practices differ.
It's important to make the distinction between manual and automated tests. Manual testing is done in person, by clicking through the application or interacting with the software and APIs with the appropriate tooling. This is very expensive since it requires someone to setup an environment and execute the tests themselves, and it can be prone to human error as the tester might make typos or omit steps in the test script.
Automated testing is a key component of continuous integration and continuous delivery and it's a great way to scale your QA process as you add new features to your application. But there's still value in doing some manual testing with what is called exploratory testing as we will see in this guide.
Unit tests are very low level and close to the source of an application. They consist in testing individual methods and functions of the classes, components, or modules used by your software. Unit tests are generally quite cheap to automate and can run very quickly by a continuous integration server.
Integration tests verify that different modules or services used by your application work well together. For example, it can be testing the interaction with the database or making sure that microservices work together as expected. These types of tests are more expensive to run as they require multiple parts of the application to be up and running.
End-to-end testing replicates a user behavior with the software in a complete application environment. It verifies that various user flows work as expected and can be as simple as loading a web page or logging in or much more complex scenarios verifying email notifications, online payments, etc...
End-to-end tests are very useful, but they're expensive to perform and can be hard to maintain when they're automated. It is recommended to have a few key end-to-end tests and rely more on lower level types of testing (unit and integration tests) to be able to quickly identify breaking changes.
Acceptance tests are formal tests that verify if a system satisfies business requirements. They require the entire application to be running while testing and focus on replicating user behaviors. But they can also go further and measure the performance of the system and reject changes if certain goals are not met.
To automate your tests, you will first need to write them programmatically using a testing framework that suits your application. PHPUnit, Mocha, RSpec are examples of testing frameworks that you can use for PHP, Javascript, and Ruby respectively. There are many options out there for each language so you might have to do some research and ask developer communities to find out what would be the best framework for you.
An exploratory testing session should not exceed two hours and should have a clear scope to help testers focus on a specific area of the software. Once all testers have been briefed, various actions should be used to check how the system behaves.
To finish this guide, it's important to talk about the goal of testing. While it's important to test that users can actually use an application (they can log in and save an object), it is equally important to test that an application doesn't break when bad data or unexpected actions are performed. You need to anticipate what would happen when a user makes a typo, tries to save an incomplete form, or uses the wrong API. You need to check if someone can easily compromise data or gain access to a resource they're not supposed to. A good testing suite should try to break your app and help understand its limit.
To successfully run manual tests, you should first know what the application is all about and what output is expected from its behaviors. For this, you need to analyze its requirements and study it thoroughly. By doing this you will know what you are testing and makes reaching your goal a lot easier.
Functional Testing
Functional testing is performed when the actual software development is taking place ensuring that all its requirements are met. Not to forget, the test is performed only when a piece of the module is complete.
The process involves 5 steps:
Note: Although most information remains consistent across testing periods, the Department and Cambium Assessment update many of the resources below during the months preceding each test administration.
This interactive video allows district testing personnel (test administrators, test coordinators and technology specialists) to preview the online testing platform. (See the Online Systems Resources folder on the test portal.) New and experienced test personnel should review the course each year and use the Certification Course Companion Document to learn Ohio-specific information.
As websites grow they become harder to test manually. Not only is there more to test, but, as interactions between components become more complex, a small change in one area can impact other areas, so more changes will be required to ensure everything keeps working and errors are not introduced as more changes are made. One way to mitigate these problems is to write automated tests, which can easily and reliably be run every time you make a change. This tutorial shows how to automate unit testing of your website using Django's test framework.
The Local Library currently has pages to display lists of all books and authors, detail views for Book and Author items, a page to renew BookInstance items, and pages to create, update, and delete Author items (and Book records too, if you completed the challenge in the forms tutorial). Even with this relatively small site, manually navigating to each page and superficially checking that everything works as expected can take several minutes. As we make changes and grow the site, the time required to manually check that everything works "properly" will only grow. If we were to continue as we are, eventually we'd be spending most of our time testing, and very little time improving our code.
Django provides a test framework with a small hierarchy of classes that build on the Python standard unittest library. Despite the name, this test framework is suitable for both unit and integration tests. The Django framework adds API methods and tools to help test web and Django-specific behavior. These allow you to simulate requests, insert test data, and inspect your application's output. Django also provides an API (LiveServerTestCase) and tools for using different testing frameworks, for example you can integrate with the popular Selenium framework to simulate a user interacting with a live browser.
Similarly, you should check that the custom methods get_absolute_url() and __str__() behave as required because they are your code/business logic. In the case of get_absolute_url() you can trust that the Django reverse() method has been implemented properly, so what you're testing is that the associated view has actually been defined.
Often you will add a test class for each model/view/form you want to test, with individual methods for testing specific functionality. In other cases you may wish to have a separate class for testing a specific use case, with individual test functions that test aspects of that use-case (for example, a class to test that a model field is properly validated, with functions to test each of the possible failure cases). Again, the structure is very much up to you, but it is best if you are consistent.
Note: If you get errors similar to: ValueError: Missing staticfiles manifest entry... this may be because testing does not run collectstatic by default, and your app is using a storage class that requires it (see manifest_strict for more information). There are a number of ways you can overcome this problem - the easiest is to run collectstatic before running the tests:
If you want to get more information about the test run you can change the verbosity. For example, to list the test successes as well as failures (and a whole bunch of information about how the testing database is set up) you can set the verbosity to "2" as shown:
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