Actually, we're all newbies to this project. Personally, this thing is the first SMD board I ever made. Just believing that I might be able to do so was a major leap for me, after many years believing it was impossible without robotic assembly tools. (Truly. Seems dumb now. But I genuinely gave up on my long loved electronics hobby for about ten years, due to this errant belief! So much time lost over silly, personal ignorance. Ah well. Things like this happen when one lives in a bubble. :P)
To answer your question (and hope) -- no, we don't, sorry -- at least, not as far as I can recall. I guess the assumption was that someone capable of reading the schematic diagram and assembling the board should also be capable of devising their own tests. In retrospect, whilst that is likely true in your case, a pre-scribed set of procedures would have been convenient.
Not really sure what to suggest. In truth, the way I test these boards, is to simply connect everything up and see if it comes up with the right stuff on the LCD display. If it doesn't then I start looking for possible causes. If it does, then I proceed directly to stick calibration and then to the DIAG screen, to check all switches and rotary encoders. Oh and I also set the date and time (RTC/SDCARD module installed) and power cycle to see if it sticks -- then use the model backup/restore feature of open9x to ensure the SD card is working. Some time during all that, I naturally fire up an RC receiver and servos and check that it does the right stuff.
I guess that's all kind of unprofessional and hobbyist-like. Then again, that would be because I am in fact only a hobbyist, with limited professional experience. Hmmm. (A genius, not an engineer! :P)
Now that I'm made to think about it ... I suppose some kind of, "Install only the following components, then test voltages from regulator. If OK, then proceed with the following components ..." construction regime might have been in order??? Frankly, now that the Chinese factory is building units for less than we can all buy just the components, it's doubtful we will bother doing such a thing.
OK ... so in practical terms, for you, right here, right now ... I guess it might make sense to install everything except the LCD screen cable, switch on and check for smoke. If no smoke (I have had smoke, twice -- but that's another story!) then check that the 5V and 3.3V regulators are working as they should. In practice, you'll be wanting to see between 4.88-to-5.12V and 3.28-to-3.32V, respectively. After that, all I can think of is the above mentioned acid test -- looking for the right tuff on the LCD display. (Obviously, you need to first program the fuses and Flash some open9x firmware. More details can be provided, if needed.)
This is not to say that all my builds have 'just worked'. Far from it. The biggest problem has always been with the soldering of the MCU and LCD sockets -- specifically in the form of solder bridges and (more commonly) invisible;y dry joints -- the type that look fine even at 400x magnification, under a USB microscope! In reality though, that was all before I "perfected" my "reflow flux and drag soldering" technique, which now appears to make really good joints every time. (There's some YouTube videos linked in the Wiki somewhere, covering that -- I think.) But it wasn't like that in the beginning, so the odd poor joint did come about now and then.
In any case, if your LCD screen doesn't produce the right (or any) display, then continuity testing with a multimeter or something (power off) is the only advice I can give. It worked for me in all cases -- eventually. The trick I finally learned was being aware not to put pressure on device pins themselves -- directly over the PCB pad -- because that can make a connection seem OK that actually isn't, without said pressure literally making the connection at the time. That one cost me several hours of frustration on more than one occasion, before I finally realised what was going on. After that, my first action after seeing no display became to re-solder the LCD socket and MCU -- another coating of flux and dragging the iron over them. This inevitably fixes the problem, without tedious testing in-between.
Having said all that ... with just a little luck, your build will Just Work™ :-D Let us know!
Bryan.