READ [PDF] Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey By Ryan Gingeras on Audiobook Full Version

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Book Synopsis : Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles which gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey's underworld, which has been at the heart of several devastatingscandals over the last several decades, is strongly tied to the country's long history of opium production and heroin trafficking. As an industry at the center of the Ottoman Empire's long transition into the modern Turkish Republic, as important as the silk road had been in earlier centuries, themodern rise of the opium and heroin trade helped to solidify and complicate long-standing relationships between state officials and criminal syndicates. Such relationships produced not only ongoing patterns of corruption, but helped fuel and enable repeated acts of state violence.Drawing upon new archival sources from the United States and Turkey, including declassified documents from the Prime Minister's .

 

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