READ!pdf Pakistanthe Garrison State Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011) Written By Ishtiaq Ahmed on Ipad Full Chapters

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Book Synopsis : This study seeks to solve the following puzzle: In 1947, the Pakistan military was poorly trained and poorly armed. It also inherited highly vulnerable territory vis-?-vis the much bigger India, aggravated because of serious disputes with Afghanistan. Over the years, the military, or ratherthe Pakistan Army, continued to grow in power and influence, and progressively became the most powerful institution. Moreover, it became an institution with de facto veto powers at its disposal to overrule other actors within society including elected governments. Simultaneously, it began to acquireforeign patrons and donors willing to arm it as part of the Cold War competition (the United States), regional balance-of-power concerns (China), and ideological contestants for leadership over the Muslim world (Saudi Arabia, to contain Iranian influence). A perennial concern with defining theIslamic identity of Pakistan, exacerbated by the Afghan jihad, resulted in the convergence of internal and .

 

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