Re: Economic Transformation For Poverty Reduction In Africa: A Multidimensional Approach (Routledge Stud
Beaulah Mozie
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Economic Transformation For Poverty Reduction In Africa: A Multidimensional Approach (Routledge Stud
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There has been a great discord among researchers and policy makers on how best to measure and define poverty. In the monetary approach, poverty can be considered as absolute, relative or in terms of a poverty line [4]. The former defines children as poor if the household income is unable to uphold certain basic living standards or afford a certain basket of goods and services [5]. Relative poverty on the other hand is when the household income is below a certain threshold of median income in the country. Using the poverty line, families are considered poor if the family income fall below the international poverty line commonly used as 1.9$ per day [6]. Critics hold that this unidimensional approach does not take into consideration specific needs of the child at various age groups [7] and it underestimates poverty given that it does not capture intra-household resources [8], where some children or household members work and increase the household income. Child poverty therefore goes beyond this money-metric approach to mean the absence of basic social amenities like adequate housing, availability of clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, access to good health, adequate nutrition, education, information and leisure etc. Bearing this in mind, the United Nations Convention on the right of the child reinforces the need for children to enjoy the highest level of health and adequate living standard [9]. Therefore, through welfare dimensions and indicators, the general standpoint of using a multi-dimensional approach in measuring child poverty is widely acceptable.
Burkina Faso is a West African country with a population of about 18 million inhabitants [17]. A study conducted by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) in 2010 indicated that 81% of the population live below poverty lines and 83% of the national population are multidimensionally poor [18]. The most deprived dimensions include living standards where over 80% are deprived in electricity, 78% in sanitation, followed by education and health. These statistics are quite high and of concern particularly in this period where the topmost goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end poverty by 2030. However, it is worth noting here that child mortality is reducing in the country given the various interventions at different levels of the health system. Rather, few interventions exist in relation to the other dimensions of living standards hence the high incidence noted.
The study used primary data from a UNICEF-Save the Children sponsored project on child poverty profiling and vulnerability in Burkina Faso. Five communities, including two urban communities (Ddougou and Boromo), and three rural communities (Safan, Kona and Y) were purposively selected. These communities are located in three provinces (Bal, Mouhoun and Nayala) of the Boucle du Mouhoun region (Fig. 1). The five communities were selected on the basis of high poverty incidence as recommended by the office of UNICEF Ouagadougou. A total of 20 enumerated areas (EAs) were randomly selected from all 5 communities. Given that 60% of the population of the region were from rural areas, 12 out of 20 EAs were randomly selected from Safan (6), Kona (2) and Y (4), while 8 EAs were selected from the urban areas of Ddougou (6) and Boromo (2).
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