In the centre the newly born goddess Venus stands nude in a giant scallop shell. The size of the shell is purely imaginary, and is also found in classical depictions of the subject.[3] At the left the wind god Zephyrus blows at her, with the wind shown by lines radiating from his mouth. He is in the air, and carries a young female, who is also blowing, but less forcefully. Both have wings. Vasari was probably correct in identifying her as "Aura", personification of a lighter breeze.[4] Their joint efforts are blowing Venus towards the shore, and blowing the hair and clothes of the other figures to the right.[5]
The painting is on two pieces of canvas, sewn together before starting, with a gesso ground tinted blue. There are differences to Botticelli's usual technique, working on panel supports, such as the lack of a green first layer under the flesh areas. There are a number of pentimenti revealed by modern scientific testing. The Hora originally had "low classical sandals", and the collar on the mantle she holds out is an afterthought. The hair of Venus and the flying couple was changed. There is heavy use of gold as a pigment for highlights, on hair, wings, textiles, the shell and the landscape. This was all apparently applied after the painting was framed. It was finished with a "cool gray varnish", probably using egg yolk.[11][12]
Pliny also noted a second painting by Apelles of Venus "superior even to his earlier one," that had been begun by the artist but left unfinished. The Roman images in various media showing the new-born Venus in a giant shell may well be crude derivative versions of these paintings. Botticelli could not have seen the frescos unearthed later in Pompeii, but may well have seen small versions of the motif in terracotta or engraved gems. The "House of Venus" in Pompeii has a life-size fresco of Venus lying in the shell, also seen in other works; in most other images she stands with her hands on her hair, wringing the water from it, with or without a shell.
The title and paperback cover art are a reference to an Italian Renaissance tempera painting by Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, which depicts the birth of the goddess Venus as her rising from the sea on a scallop shell. The phrase "on the half-shell" commonly refers to a method of serving oysters.
The ancient ones answered the question and the answer is buried in the 42 letter sequence I created below. I don't want to spoil it if you find a copy of Venus on a Halfshell but if you want to find the answer to the question you are looking for two words run together. Six letters total.
CORNISH: So what is it? Well, the Uffizi Gallery in Florence where the painting usually hangs expertly dodges the question. Its guide to the artwork says Venus is portrayed naked on a shell on the seashore. On her left, the winds blow gently, caressing her hair with a shower of roses.
SHAPIRO: OK. Strong is being modest. She doesn't just study snails. She is a mollusk expert at the National Museum of Natural History here in Washington, D.C. We pulled up an image of the "Birth Of Venus" on the computer and told her to go take a look. Name that shell.
COLANTUONO: A lot of our historians have called it "Venus On The half Shell" from the podium in the lecture hall. You know, it's just a colloquial thing. So I find it, you know, somewhat amusing. Of course, being the persnickety iconographer I am, if I was writing a formal art historical article, I would find out what kind of a shell it was and, you know, put that in there.
Now, you could quibble with this timescale a bit by arguing that the YORP effect on small bodies only arises because of irradiation differences in small parts of the surface, rather than half of the body, and that my answer therefore overestimates by a couple orders of magnitude (fair, and arguably not a quibble). You could also note that the difference in albedo in your scenario is even more extreme than what we see in nature (also fair, though certainly not as important). I would counter, though, by saying that increasing the solar flux by a factor of 100 is an extremely challenging task and that I was a little over-generous with that.
Commissioned, in fact, for a Medici vacation home in the late 15th century, the painting depicts the arrival of the goddess of love at the island of Cythera. The consummate image of beauty, she is blown to shore, in her seashell, by the wind gods Zephyr and Aurora. There a nymph is ready to wrap her in a flowered cape. Meet later for drinks on the deck?
It depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore. Venus emerges from the water on a shell, blown towards shore by the Zephyrs, symbols of spiritual passions. She is joined by one of the Horae, goddesses of the seasons, who hands her a flowered cloak. Somehow this pagan-themed painting managed to escape the fires of the Roman Catholic censors.
Drawings and Prints, Print, Venus on a half-shell, holding fabric over her head, Artist, After, Cherubino Alberti (Zaccaria Mattia), Italian, Borgo Sansepolcro 1553-1615 Rome, Alberti, Cherubino (Zaccaria Mattia), Italian, 1553, 1615, 17th century, 1600
EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases a stunning artwork titled "Venus on a half-shell, holding fabric over her head" by the talented Italian artist Cherubino Alberti. The image depicts Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty, emerging from a giant seashell while elegantly draping fabric over her head. The intricate details and delicate brushstrokes in this 17th-century masterpiece are beautifully captured in this high-quality print. The artist's skillful rendering of Venus exudes grace and sensuality as she stands with poise and confidence. Cherubino Alberti, born in Borgo Sansepolcro in 1553 and passing away in Rome in 1615, was renowned for his exceptional talent during the Renaissance period. His works often portrayed mythological figures like Venus, showcasing his mastery of capturing their ethereal beauty. This print from the Liszt Collection allows art enthusiasts to bring home a piece of history and appreciate the timeless allure of classical art. Whether displayed on its own or as part of an art collection, this print is sure to add elegance and sophistication to any space.
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The once-cool waves from which I rise now simmer like a pasta pot in a cheap tourist trattoria. The zephyr that has been refreshing me for more than four centuries emits only the weak exhalation of a table fan in a budget hotel. My shell is hotter than the Piazza del Duomo pavement in August.
This book is a master work, incorporating thousands of fragmented documents and other resources. It is, as stated above, also interesting to read and should be required reading for all Naval Academy students, all officers who enter the U.S. Navy through other sources, and perhaps all senior enlisted personnel so that the history of women in their service could be better understood and appreciated. This reviewer served for eighteen years as an enlisted woman and later as a commissioned officer in the navy, from l963 to 1981, and the available history was briefly covered, consisting primarily of names and dates. Presented without any context it was dry and meaningless, even though many of the most influential women in changing the status of women in the navy still lived. I knew some of them, and interacted with some on an official basis. Little did I know it was history in the making as I served as a Woman's Representative in command after command; watched from the sidelines in Washington D.C.as Admiral Zumwalt and the last Director of the WAVES, Captain Robin Quiqley, battled for their separate and opposing visions of the directions women should take in the navy of the future; and coped with the sudden disintegration of the familiar separate structure for women as the new integrated navy appeared like Venus from the half-shell, fully grown and overnight. It is only through reading this book that I fully appreciate those who went before me, and under what conditions and circumstances.
But Truax hadn't deployed the full set of communications satellites around the planet by the time we got caught in the superrotation. Without the commsats to relay our beacon, they lost almost half our first day's data.
...So we coasted along in the uppermost cloud deck, patiently filling the big shell above us and testing our equipment. Once in a while it seemed to me that we weren't moving at all, that we were stuck in place like a ship run aground on a reef. All we could see out the ports was that perpetual yellowish-gray sameness. But then some strong current in the atmosphere would grab us and the gondola would tilt and groan like a creaking old sailing ship and my insides would flutter just a little bit.
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