Game Of Thrones Dvd Box Set 1-8 Canada

[Martta Borromeo]

Thethrones of Canada are the chairs for the monarch and royal consort or governor general and viceregal consort, usually located in the Senate chamber of Parliament. There are presently two sets of thrones for the federal Parliament, the first commissioned in 1878 and currently undergoing restoration, and the second, made in 2017, in use in the temporary Senate, while the Centre Block of Parliament is under renovation. There are also thrones for the lieutenant governors representing the monarch in each provincial legislature.

Since Confederation in 1867, a throne has always been present in the Senate, signifying the connection between Crown and Parliament.[1] The King, or the governor general representing the sovereign, will be seated in the monarch's throne to read the speech from the throne, as part of the state opening of Parliament, or to grant royal assent to bills passed by the Commons and Senate. The governor general will also use the sovereign's throne at his or her installation ceremony. If the King or governor general is accompanied by their consort, the latter will be seated on the consort's throne, to the left of the King's. The 1878 thrones have occasionally been moved outside for ceremonies on Parliament Hill, such as the centennial of Confederation in 1967 and the signing of the Constitution Act, 1982.

In the legislature of each province, a throne is used by the relevant lieutenant governor for the same purposes as above. There are, however, no thrones for the viceregal consort in those parliaments.

The thrones in the Senate chamber of Parliament were commissioned in 1878, ahead of the arrival of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, as Governor General of Canada, accompanied by his wife, Princess Louise, who would serve as viceregal consort.[2] The chairs were made by the Toronto firm Holbrook & Mollington, costing $329.70,[2] and are made of oak, carved in the style of 19th century Gothic Revival, including vines, oak leaves, and medallion heads.[1] The monarch's throne bears a carved rendition of the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (as Canada was then under the British monarch) and the consort's chair, designed specifically for Princess Louise, has her personal coat of arms on the headpiece. The carved faces on either side of each throne are unidentified; they are possibly the visages of the craftsmen who constructed the thrones.[2]

For Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee in 1977, the monarch's throne was depicted on a commemorative silver dollar.[2] The throne is also recreated as part of a statue of Queen Eliazbeth II in front of the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto.

To commemorate the sesquicentennial of Confederation in 2017, and while the Centre Block of Parliament is under renovation and the Senate is relocated to the Senate of Canada Building, a pair of thrones and a speaker's chair were commissioned from Dominion Sculptor Phil White. These were designed in a Neoclassical style that both meshes with the Beaux-Arts architecture of the building and draws inspiration from the thrones John Pearson, the architect of the Centre Block, conceived of in the 1920s. Using English walnut from Windsor Great Park that was donated by Canada's then-reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, the thrones were completed by craftsmen and upholsterers from Ontario and Quebec. The royal cypher of Elizabeth II is carved and gilded on the headpiece of the King's throne and it and the consort's throne bear crowns atop the headpieces and the escutcheon (shield) and ribbon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada are embroidered on the chair backs. Lilies, symbolizing the monarchs of New France, and Tudor roses, for the monarchs of pre-Confederation Canada, adorn other parts of the thrones.[1]

The first chair was made in 1860,[5] for Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), during his tour of the Maritimes and the Canadas that year. The second throne was made by A.H. MacMillan in 1939 for Queen Elizabeth, the consort of King George VI, during their royal tour of Canada.[4] The thrones are positioned beneath portraits of King George III and Queen Charlotte.

In the Confederation Chamber of Province House in Charlottetown is a chair formerly used by James Cummiskey as Speaker of the Legislative Council. It was also used as a throne by the lieutenant governor at formal openings of the legislative session. Catherine Hennessy, of the PEI Museum and Heritage Foundation, purchased the chair from Cummiskey's daughter, Kate MacKenzie, in 1970 and it was held in storage until Parks Canada began a renovation of Province House, including restoration of the chair.[6]

In this episode, I look at the Canadian connections between the T.V. series Game of Thrones and western Canada. Think thrones, direwolves, and dragons! I also examine the new draft Fire Management Plan for Banff, Yoho, and Kootenay National Parks.

Forest fires have been an ever-increasing reality in the mountain west. With warming climates, fire seasons are getting longer, summer droughts are lengthening, and decades of fire suppression are coming back to roost.

Cliff was a pioneer in helping to change the attitudes toward forest fire that had been pervasive since the late 1800s. When Banff National Park was established in 1885, the first park wardens were fire wardens charged with keeping the scourge of wildfire out of our precious mountain landscapes.

The landscape that greeted these first wardens were very different from the ones we consider normal today. Instead of an endless forest of spruce and pine, there were stands of trees widely separated by grasslands.

Ecosystems are defined as communities of plants and animals AND the natural processes that link them to each other and to the physical environment. The natural processes are forest fires, floods, avalanches, insect infestations, climate, and disease.

Cliff White is still contributing to our understanding of fire ecology. In episode 68, I shared a presentation he delivered in Canmore detailing a strategy that would help us embrace fire as a rejuvenating force as opposed to waging a futile war against a necessary component of the ecosystem. You can listen to that talk at MountainNaturePodcast.com/ep068.

This new management plan looks for ways to allow fires to burn where possible while still planning for ways to integrate fire into more highly populated areas through prescribed burns. Other areas will rely on fuel reduction programs to help reduce the likelihood of wildfires in areas near communities and important infrastructure.

One challenge to the full implementation of a more welcoming approach to wildfire management has to do with the Species at Risk Act or SARA. This act provides added limitations to the application of fire as a management plan and, depending on the site, fire might be considered to be the destruction of important habitat, even though fire has been a natural part of that habitat for as long as the forests have been there.

Currently, only emergency fire suppression is considered to be exempt from SARA. Parks Canada is working to find a better way to achieve the goals of SARA while also allowing the goals of fire management to be met.

Another significant challenge to any fire management plan is the need for wider public acceptance of its presence as a natural part of life in a forested landscape. This means a strong focus on public education is essential in helping people to understand the difference between managed and unmanaged forests.

When you suppress fire for decades, fuel builds up, and the resultant fires can burn extremely hot and long. Much of the smoke we see in these long fire seasons are the result of these extra hot fires burning right down to the humus, which smoulders for long periods.

The landscapes of the Canadian Rockies include the four mountain national parks, along with numerous provincial parks and wilderness areas to create a protected corridor encompassing some 28,000 square kilometres.

Fire takes advantage of the physical layout of any landscape it encounters. The central Rockies are often characterized by deep forested valleys that run parallel to the prevailing winds. This allows fires to spread quickly as west winds fan the flames eastward.

In Banff National Park, river valleys like the Bow, Clearwater, Red deer, North Saskatchewan, and Panther, allow fires to quickly spread from west to east as winds fan the flames. In Yoho National Park, the Kicking Horse allows the fires to similarly spread and finally, the Vermillion and Kootenay Rivers in Kootenay National Park help fires move north towards the vulnerable Bow River Valley.

At the same time, the valleys have sun-baked south-facing slopes which can facilitate ignition and set up the potential for wide spreading fires. Add to this the fact that there is also a moisture gradient that runs from west to east. This means that any fires that start in the west find increasingly dry conditions as they spread with the west-east wind patterns.

If we have a lot of winter chinooks, it can leave our valleys exceedingly dry before the fire season even begins. With chinooks, snowpacks literally evaporate through sublimation, and by April, the landscape is primed for fire.

This can be a perfect time for prescribed burns. The fire-prone south-facing slopes are primed for fire, but there is still a lot of snow in adjacent areas. To experts like Cliff White, this is the time to burn.

As you move higher up the mountains, they get wetter and colder and so the fire danger is reduced. If you go high enough, you reach the treeline and any wildfire naturally runs out of fuel. If we look to the fire history of the mountain regions, the fire record shows higher elevation forests had much longer intervals between fires as compared to the lower montane valleys.

Evidence also shows that these fires burned during times when lightning strikes were not common and prior to the normal peak fire season. This disparity between logical fire season and actual fire records has led researchers to recognize the likelihood that early indigenous populations were using fire to improve wildlife habitat.

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