GM_addStyle() doesn't do anything different at different run-at times. It tries to return the <style> node that it created, but I'm pretty sure it fails to do so (hitting built in security mechanisms). It's a _really_ simple function though[1] so it should be straightforward to write one yourself that gives you a definite handle to the style node.
OTOH, perhaps a better way is probably to just write all your rules to include something like "body.my_script_name" in the selector. Apply that class to the body, and remove it to remove the styles.
[1]
https://github.com/arantius/greasemonkey/blob/master/content/miscapis.js#L98