Re: Applied Linguistics Guy Cook Pdf 39
Giovanna Qiu
In the early 1990s he proposed the multi-competence approach to second-language acquisition.[16] Multi-competence is "the knowledge of two languages in one mind", and it holds that those who know more than one language have different minds from those with only one language, because knowing two languages changes the way people use their first language,[17] and even the way they think. These multicompetent individuals should be called "L2 users" (pronounced "L two users") rather than "second language learners", because the word "second" has negative connotations, and the word "learner" should only be applied to those who are learning a language (just like a native speaker is not called a "first language learner").[18] All human beings have the potential for becoming multi-competent, so monolinguals are not indicative of what the human mind can achieve. This has implications for language learners and teachers, for instance the purpose of L2 learning is to become a multicompetent user of more than one language, not to become a copycat of a native speaker of another language; the native speaker is not the best L2 teacher; L2 learners are allowed to use their first language in the classroom.[19] Also, teachers and learners must bear in mind that L2 learning changes how people think.[20] In a paper dated 1997 Cook first argued that knowledge of more than one language can change how people think.[21] He then provided evidence in the first ever workshop devoted to the topic (workshop on "Bilingual Cognition", 2002, within the European Second Language Association conference) and showcased research from a variety of disciplines and languages in his latest edited volume.[22]
Applied Linguistics is the study of language and linguistics in relation to practical problems, such as lexicography, translation, speech pathology, etc.
(Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics: 2002)
Applied linguistics is the academic field which connects knowledge about language to decision making in the real world. Generally speaking, the role of applied linguists is to make insights drawn from areas of language study relevant to such decision-making. In this sense applied linguistics mediates between theory and practice.
(The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, Simpson, 2011, p. 1)
Applied linguistics is a discipline which explores the relations between theory and practice in language with particular reference to issues of language use. It embraces contexts in which people use and learn languages and is a platform for systematically addressing problems involving the use of language and communication in real-world situations. Applied linguistics draws on a range of disciplines, including linguistics. In consequence, applied linguistics has applications in several areas of language study, including language learning and teaching, the psychology of language processing, discourse analysis, stylistics, corpus analysis, literacy studies and language planning and policies.
Dawn Knight. 2009. What is Applied Linguistic.
Retrieved from -is-Applied-Linguistics
Applied linguistics is the utilization of the knowledge about the nature of language achievedby linguistics research for the improvement of the efficiency of some practical task in which language isa central component.
Corder, 1974
Applied linguistics is any attempt to work with language in a critical and reflective way, with some ultimate practical goal in mind. This includes (among the other things): deliberately trying to learn (or teach) a foreign language or to develop your ability in your native language; overcoming a language impairment; translating from one language to another; editing a piece of writing in a linguistically thoughtful way. It also includes doing any research or developing any ideas or tools which aim to help people do these sorts of things.
Phil Durrant. What is Applied Linguistics?
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Based on the definitions above, I can conclude that applied linguistic is a study of language or the theory of the language that has to be practiced or used to solve many problems related to language in many cases.
a. Language and Teaching. This scope covers some methods of language teaching. In doing teaching learning activity, linguistic is applied on those methods such as Grammar Translation Method, Direct Method, Audio-lingual Method, and Cognitive Code Learning Method.
b. Language and Society. The branch in this scope is called sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistic studies about how society affects the language, varieties of language in society, the relationship between language and gender, terms of taboos and euphemism, people resort to code switching , the dying of the language and the revival of the language, etc.
d. Language, Work and Law. The scope of Language, Work and Law explain about communication in the workplace (the differences of the techniques of communication in the workplace), language planning and forensic linguistic (the application of the theory of linguistics to the law including the language of legislation and the evaluation of written evidence). It studies the literary stylistics, critical discourse analysis, translation and interpretation, information design, and lexicography.
The Routledge Applied Linguistics Reader is an essential collection of readings for students of Applied Linguistics. Divided into five sections: Language Teaching and Learning, Second Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistics, Identity and Power and Language Use in Professional Contexts, the Reader takes a broad interpretation of the subject from its traditional foundations in language teaching and learning to cover the newer subdisciplines from corpus linguistics to forensic linguistics.
'Li Wei has succeeded in presenting a clearly articulated introduction to the field of Applied Linguistics while simultaneously assembling a collection of exemplary articles by many of the leading scholars in the field. This collection demonstrates the relevance of Applied Linguistics for the analysis contemporary social issues while candidly addressing how longstanding constructs in the field are being rethought through the lens of critical applied linguistics. By so doing, The Routledge Applied Linguistics Reader will capture both the interest of those new to the field as well as the attention of established scholars.' -- Terrence G. Wiley, President, Center for Applied Linguistics, USA
"It has been a delight to use Li Wei's outstanding collection, "The Routledge Applied Linguistics Reader", as a course text in my applied linguistics classes. The articles have been thoughtfully chosen to introduce readers to key issues and leading scholars in the field, and have promoted much rigorous discussion and debate amongst my students. An indispensable resource for the future." -- Bonny Norton, Professor and Distinguished University Scholar, University of British Columbia.
Overall, the explanations throughout the book are clear and do not require the reader to have a certain level of acquired linguistic knowledge. The explanation of basic concepts in the text, along with the glossary, makes the book accessible to new comers to the field of linguistics. [-2-]
Srikant Sarangi is Professor in Language and Communication and Director of the Health Communication Research Centre at Cardiff University, Wales, UK. He is also Professor in Language and Communication at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Honorary Professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Denmark; and Honorary Professor at the Centre for the Humanities and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. His research interests are in discourse analysis and applied linguistics; language and identity in public life and institutional/professional communication studies (e.g., healthcare, social welfare, bureaucracy, education etc.). He is author and editor of 12 books, 5 journal special issues and has published nearly 200 journal articles and book chapters. He is the founding editor of Communication & Medicine, editor of TEXT & TALK: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse and Communication Studies (formerly TEXT) as well as co-editor of Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice.
Broadly speaking, applied linguistics can be seen as one sub-discipline of linguistics, albeit one that is also broad and itself encompasses other fields. Watch the short animation in the next activity for a more specific definition of applied linguistics.
As a reborn discipline with its own identity, applied linguistics could also examine contexts other than language teaching and learning, and therefore contribute further insights into theoretical linguistics.
So where does that leave applied linguistics? Currently, while debates and controversies continue to exist, applied linguistics is seen as something that connects or mediates between knowledge about language in theory and knowledge about how people use language in various contexts for decision making in the real world.
So applied linguistics really is the exploration of real-world situations, contexts and sometimes issues in which language plays a crucial role. These contexts include language learning and teaching, but also include the law, the language of institutions, workplace relations, medical communication, media discourse, translation and interpreting, lexicography, language policy and planning, advertising and branding, and many, many more. Language, after all, is everywhere.
Applied linguistics is not about the theory of language or the description of the structure of language. It is also not just about language teaching. Instead, applied linguistics is a field of study that connects knowledge about language in theory with knowledge about how people use language in various contexts.
The forty-seven chapters connect knowledge about language to decision-making in the real world. The volume as a whole highlights the role of applied linguistics, which is to make insights drawn from language study relevant to such decision-making.
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