Iec Standard Pdf Free Download

[Leah Soechting]

On4 June 2021, the Commission issued modernised standard contractual clauses under the GDPR for data transfers from controllers or processors in the EU/EEA (or otherwise subject to the GDPR) to controllers or processors established outside the EU/EEA (and not subject to the GDPR).

The Commission is in the process of developing additional sets of SCCs for data transfers to third countries by EU institutions and bodies, and for data transfers to controllers or processors outside the EU whose processing operations are directly subject to the GDPR.

Some jurisdictions have endorsed the EU SCCs as a transfer mechanism under their own national data protection legislation, with limited formal adaptations to their domestic legal order (e.g. the United Kingdom and Switzerland.

The Commission is intensifying its cooperation with international partners to further facilitate data transfers between different regions of the world on the basis of model clauses. ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is a key partner in this respect. Together with ASEAN, the Commission has developed a Guide on the EU standard contractual clauses and ASEAN model contractual clauses, to assist companies present in both jurisdictions with their compliance efforts under both sets of clauses. The Guide identifies the commonalities between the two sets of clauses and provides non-exhaustive examples of best practices companies can consider to operationalise safeguards required under the clauses.

.NET Standard is a formal specification of .NET APIs that are available on multiple .NET implementations. The motivation behind .NET Standard was to establish greater uniformity in the .NET ecosystem. .NET 5 and later versions adopt a different approach to establishing uniformity that eliminates the need for .NET Standard in most scenarios. However, if you want to share code between .NET Framework and any other .NET implementation, such as .NET Core, your library should target .NET Standard 2.0. No new versions of .NET Standard will be released, but .NET 5 and all later versions will continue to support .NET Standard 2.1 and earlier.

.NET Standard is versioned. Each new version adds more APIs. When a library is built against a certain version of .NET Standard, it can run on any .NET implementation that implements that version of .NET Standard (or higher).

Targeting a higher version of .NET Standard allows a library to use more APIs but means it can only be used on more recent versions of .NET. Targeting a lower version reduces the available APIs but means the library can run in more places.

1 The versions listed for .NET Framework apply to .NET Core 2.0 SDK and later versions of the tooling. Older versions used a different mapping for .NET Standard 1.5 and higher. You can download tooling for .NET Core tools for Visual Studio 2015 if you cannot upgrade to Visual Studio 2017 or a later version.

2 The versions listed here represent the rules that NuGet uses to determine whether a given .NET Standard library is applicable. While NuGet considers .NET Framework 4.6.1 as supporting .NET Standard 1.5 through 2.0, there are several issues with consuming .NET Standard libraries that were built for those versions from .NET Framework 4.6.1 projects. For .NET Framework projects that need to use such libraries, we recommend that you upgrade the project to target .NET Framework 4.7.2 or higher.

If you're targeting .NET Standard, we recommend you target .NET Standard 2.0, unless you need to support an earlier version. Most general-purpose libraries should not need APIs outside of .NET Standard 2.0, and .NET Framework doesn't support .NET Standard 2.1. .NET Standard 2.0 is supported by all modern platforms and is the recommended way to support multiple platforms with one target.

If you need to support .NET Standard 1.x, we recommend that you also target .NET Standard 2.0. .NET Standard 1.x is distributed as a granular set of NuGet packages, which creates a large package dependency graph and results in a lot of packages being downloaded when the project is built. For more information, see Cross-platform targeting and .NET 5+ and .NET Standard later in this article.

NuGet packages target one or more frameworks. .NET Standard packages target the ".NET Standard" framework. You can target the .NET Standard framework using the netstandard compact target framework moniker (TFM), for example, netstandard1.4. Libraries that are intended to run on multiple implementations of .NET should target the .NET Standard framework. For the broadest set of APIs, target netstandard2.0, because the number of available APIs more than doubled between .NET Standard 1.6 and 2.0.

The specification is not singular, but a linearly versioned set of APIs. The first version of the standard establishes a baseline set of APIs. Subsequent versions add APIs and inherit APIs defined by previous versions. There is no established provision for removing APIs from the Standard.

Starting with .NET Standard 2.0, the .NET Framework compatibility mode was introduced. This compatibility mode allows .NET Standard projects to reference .NET Framework libraries as if they were compiled for .NET Standard. Referencing .NET Framework libraries doesn't work for all projects, such as libraries that use Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) APIs.

To build .NET Standard libraries in Visual Studio, make sure you have Visual Studio 2022, Visual Studio 2019, or Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3 or later installed on Windows, or Visual Studio for Mac version 7.1 or later installed on macOS.

If you only need to consume .NET Standard 2.0 libraries in your projects, you can also do that in Visual Studio 2015. However, you need NuGet client 3.6 or higher installed. You can download the NuGet client for Visual Studio 2015 from the NuGet downloads page.

.NET 5, .NET 6, .NET 7, .NET 8, and .NET 9 are single products with a uniform set of capabilities and APIs that can be used for Windows desktop apps and cross-platform console apps, cloud services, and websites. The .NET 8 TFMs, for example, reflect this broad range of scenarios:

For existing code that targets .NET Standard 2.0 or later, there's no need to change the TFM to net8.0 or a later TFM. .NET 8 implements .NET Standard 2.1 and earlier. The only reason to retarget from .NET Standard to .NET 8+ would be to gain access to more runtime features, language features, or APIs. For example, to use C# 9, you need to target .NET 5 or a later version. You can multitarget .NET 8 and .NET Standard to get access to newer features and still have your library available to other .NET implementations.

If you're using libraries to break down an application into several components, we recommend you target net8.0. For simplicity, it's best to keep all projects that make up your application on the same version of .NET. Then you can assume the same BCL features everywhere.

If you're building reusable libraries that you plan to ship on NuGet, consider the trade-off between reach and available feature set. .NET Standard 2.0 is the latest version that's supported by .NET Framework, so it gives good reach with a fairly large feature set. We don't recommend targeting .NET Standard 1.x, as you'd limit the available feature set for a minimal increase in reach.

If you don't need to support .NET Framework, you could target .NET Standard 2.1 or .NET 8. We recommend you skip .NET Standard 2.1 and go straight to .NET 8. Most widely used libraries multi-target for both .NET Standard 2.0 and .NET 5+. Supporting .NET Standard 2.0 gives you the most reach, while supporting .NET 5+ ensures you can leverage the latest platform features for customers that are already on .NET 5+.

.NET Standard was created as an API set that all .NET implementations would have to support, so there was a review process for proposals to add new APIs. The goal was to standardize only APIs that could be implemented in all current and future .NET platforms. The result was that if a feature missed a particular release, you might have to wait for a couple of years before it got added to a version of the Standard. Then you'd wait even longer for the new version of .NET Standard to be widely supported.

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