Cognitive Building

[Chris Richard]

Todaybuildings are no longer stagnant structures but dynamic entities that harness the power of advanced technology. Cognitive buildings represent the next step in the evolution of smart buildings by offering groundbreaking features that redefine the standards of functionality and sustainability.

Cognitive buildings represent a significant advancement in commercial real estate. They integrate new artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology to create intelligent spaces that surpass conventional smart buildings. This also enables communication with occupants through intuitive interfaces and smart automation systems.

Just like smart buildings, cognitive buildings use a network of strategically placed sensors to gather real-time data on environmental factors. Then, cognitive buildings take this data a step further than smart buildings by processing and analyzing the data with AI and ML algorithms. By analyzing this data, the algorithms can identify patterns, make predictions, and autonomously fine-tune building settings.

Propelling the commercial real estate industry into an era of innovation, cognitive buildings merge technology, sustainability, and human-centric design. They automate the process of optimizing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability based on real-world data. Cognitive buildings can also interact with occupants to enhance the tenant experience by creating customizable workspaces for every occupant.

Proptech enhances cognitive buildings in commercial real estate, driving efficiency, sustainability, and occupant satisfaction. They can add any missing components to a cognitive building in discrete solutions. This allows for a customized cognitive building that perfectly fits the needs of your tenants.

However, as discrete solutions, integrating Proptech solutions into a unified ecosystem is necessary to optimize their capabilities. To make this process simple and effective, ProptechOS offers simple integrations with all of its partnering products.

Technology serves as the foundation of cognitive buildings providing connectivity and infrastructure for seamless operations. From the sensors that collect the data to the algorithms that analyze and adjust building systems based on data, technology drives the capabilities of cognitive buildings.

ProptechOS can help turn your smart buildings into cognitive buildings by creating a centralized operating system for all of your Proptech solutions. This allows for the full utilization of smart building data to create automated changes to building systems based on real-time conditions. Try ProptechOS for free to see how a unified ecosystem can make your commercial real estate properties smarter.

Chief Ecosystem Officer, and founder of ProptechOS and RealEstateCore is recognized as a leader in Building Operating Systems (BOS) and making the buildings of the world smarter. He holds an MSc and a Ph.D. in Media and Computer Science from KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

The MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences is unique on the MIT campus in that nearly all of our research and academic activity happens in one place, Building 46, a state-of-the-art facility designed to support groundbreaking science.

The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences (BCS), the academic home of brain science at MIT. BCS, part of the MIT School of Science, administers the undergraduate Course 9 (Brain and Cognitive Sciences) and Course 6-9 (Computation and Cognition, in partnership with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science). It also manages a doctoral program with areas of focus in cognitive neuroscience, systems neuroscience, cellular and molecular neuroscience, and computation. The department is also the base for a robust research program aimed at reverse engineering the brain to understand the mind.

The McGovern Institute for Brain Research, founded in 2000 with a mission of bringing together researchers and tools to study how the brain gives rise to the mind. The McGovern Institute is home in turn to several research centers studying autism, molecular therapeutics, and psychiatric disorders. It also includes the NSF-funded Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines and several other research centers.

The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, founded in 1994 as the Center for Learning and Memory to study the (then) largely-unknown mechanisms of learning and memory. A $50 million gift from the Picower Foundation in 2002 created the Picower Institute. Picower researchers have made breakthrough discoveries in the encoding of memory and learning, Alzheimer's disease, and more. The Picower Institute is also home to the Aging Brain Initiative and the Alana Down Syndrome Research Center.

Within our laboratories, the BCS community has access to the latest technology, from gene manipulation and multi-electrode recording, to functional brain imaging and optogenetics, CLARITY, and CRISPR. We use top-of-the-line equipment to conduct our work, including MEG and fMRI scanning machines, a high-density micro arraying device, and multiple Beowulf clusters for parallel computation.

There is an exciting synergy here, with students and scientists making connections and working across disciplines. It creates a fertile environment of innovation ideally suited for our work: finding answers to the most important questions about the human brain.

The ability to regulate emotions is a critical component of healthy emotional functioning. Therefore, it is important to determine factors that contribute to the efficacy of emotion regulation. The present article examined whether the ability to update emotional information in working memory is a predictor of the efficacy of rumination and reappraisal on affective experience both at the trait level (Study 1) and in daily life (Study 2). In both studies, results revealed that the relationship between use of reappraisal and high arousal negative emotions was moderated by updating ability. Specifically, use of reappraisal was associated with decreased high arousal negative emotions for participants with high updating ability, while no significant relationship was found for those with low updating ability. In addition, both studies also revealed that the relationship between rumination and high arousal negative emotions was moderated by updating ability. In general, use of rumination was associated with elevated high arousal negative emotions. However, this relationship was blunted for participants with high updating ability. That is, use of rumination was associated with less elevated high arousal negative emotions for participants with high updating ability. These results identify the ability to update emotional information in working memory as a crucial process modulating the efficacy of emotion regulation efforts.

Copyright: 2013 Pe et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

In the present article, two studies are presented that addressed whether individual differences in controlling emotional information in WM indeed relate to the efficacy of emotion regulation strategies on emotional experience. More precisely, using trait questionnaires (Study 1) and experience sampling methodology (Study 2), we examined whether the ability to update emotional information in WM moderates the efficacy of rumination and reappraisal on the experience of positive and negative emotions.

In trying to understand the role of cognitive processes in emotion regulation, we focus on (depressive) rumination and reappraisal. Whereas (depressive) rumination is defined as repetitively thinking about negative feelings, their possible causes, meanings and consequences [8], reappraisal is defined as viewing emotional events from a different perspective so as to lessen their emotional impact [9]. Both strategies are implemented cognitively and involve sustained attention on emotional experience [10], making them prime candidates to be affected by the cognitive processes discussed above. Yet, they are also clearly distinct. Habitual use of rumination is related to enhanced negative thinking, impaired problem solving, exacerbated and prolonged distress, and makes one more vulnerable to the development of psychopathology (e.g., depression) [8], while habitual use of reappraisal is generally associated with more desirable outcomes on average such as reduced negative emotions, increased positive emotions, better interpersonal functioning and well-being [9]. As such, the focus on these two strategies allows testing of predictions on the role of updating on both adaptive and maladaptive forms of emotion regulation on emotional experience.

To our knowledge, only one study has tested this hypothesis. In a study by Schmeichel, Volokhov and Demaree [12], they showed that the efficacy of reappraisal was moderated by updating (as measured by a non-emotional n-back task). That is, people with high (vs. low) updating ability were more successful at reappraising a disgusting film in the lab as non-emotional, as evidenced by their experience and expression of less disgust in response to the film.

We therefore hypothesize that updating will moderate the relationship between reappraisal and emotional experience, such that people with a high (vs. low) updating ability will experience less negative and more positive emotions when reappraising.

We propose that updating is one executive process that could help break the ruminative process by reducing the elaboration of negative material in WM [13]. Indeed, since rumination is about recycling thoughts in WM, then having the ability to accommodate new information in WM (through updating) would allow newer and possibly mood-incongruent thoughts to feed into the ruminative process. This would aid in minimizing the maladaptive consequences of rumination (i.e., experiencing less elevated negative and less decreased positive emotions). Conversely, the inability to update information in WM would lead to rumination having a continuous detrimental impact on affective experience.

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