Hi, that the device doesn't show up in the lsusb output means the problem is nothing to do with GQRX, it's almost certainly a hardware compatibility issue, perhaps you're using very old hardware that doesn't support USB 2.0? It might be that you do have a USB 2.0 controller but it's not available on all sockets, or that you have to enable 2.0 in the bios settings, so I'd first check the bios and see if there's any USB related clues there, then try all of the USB sockets on the machine, maybe some of them only support 1.0, that's all I can think of.
Good luck, Adrian.