65FR30481 National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
robop...@us.govnews.org
Posting-number: Volume 65, Issue 92, Page 30481
[Federal Register: May 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 92)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 30481-30488]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr11my00-10]
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Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Part 300
National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites; Final
Rule & Proposed Rule
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 300
[FRL-6603-3]
National Priorities List for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (``CERCLA'' or ``the Act''), as amended, requires
that the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
Plan (``NCP'') include a list of national priorities among the known
releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants throughout the United States. The National Priorities List
(``NPL'') constitutes this list. The NPL is intended primarily to guide
the Environmental Protection Agency (``EPA'' or ``the Agency'') in
determining which sites warrant further investigation to assess the
nature and extent of public health and environmental risks associated
with the site and to determine what CERCLA-financed remedial action(s),
if any, may be appropriate. This rule adds 7 new sites to the NPL; all
to the General Superfund Section of the NPL.
EFFECTIVE DATE: The effective date for this amendment to the NPL shall
be June 12, 2000.
ADDRESSES: For addresses for the Headquarters and Regional dockets, as
well as further details on what these dockets contain, see Section II,
``Availability of Information to the Public'' in the SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION portion of this preamble.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Yolanda Singer, phone (703) 603-8835,
State, Tribal and Site Identification Center; Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response (mail code 5204G); U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency; 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW; Washington, DC 20460; or the
Superfund Hotline, phone (800) 424-9346 or (703) 412-9810 in the
Washington, DC, metropolitan area.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Background
A. What Are CERCLA and SARA?
B. What Is the NCP?
C. What Is the National Priorities List (NPL)?
D. How Are Sites Listed on the NPL?
E. What Happens to Sites on the NPL?
F. How Are Site Boundaries Defined?
G. How Are Sites Removed From the NPL?
H. Can Portions of Sites Be Deleted From the NPL as They Are
Cleaned Up?
I. What Is the Construction Completion List (CCL)?
II. Availability of Information to the Public
A. Can I Review the Documents Relevant to This Final Rule?
B. What Documents Are Available for Review at the Headquarters
Dockets?
C. What Documents Are Available for Review at the Regional
Dockets?
D. How Do I Access the Documents?
E. How Can I Obtain a Current List of NPL Sites?
III. Contents of This Final Rule
A. Additions to the NPL
B. Status of NPL
C. What Did EPA Do With the Public Comments It Received?
IV. Executive Order 12866
A. What Is Executive Order 12866?
B. Is This Final Rule Subject to Executive Order 12866 Review?
V. Unfunded Mandates
A. What Is the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)?
B. Does UMRA Apply to This Final Rule?
VI. Effects on Small Businesses
A. What Is the Regulatory Flexibility Act?
B. Does the Regulatory Flexibility Act Apply to This Final Rule?
VII. Possible Changes to the Effective Date of the Rule
A. Has This Rule Been Submitted to Congress and the General
Accounting Office?
B. Could the Effective Date of This Final Rule Change?
C. What Could Cause the Effective Date of This Rule to Change?
VIII. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
A. What Is the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act?
B. Does the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Apply to This Final Rule?
IX. Executive Order 12898
A. What Is Executive Order 12898?
B. Does Executive Order 12898 Apply to This Final Rule?
X. Executive Order 13045
A. What Is Executive Order 13045?
B. Does Executive Order 13045 Apply to This Final Rule?
XI. Paperwork Reduction Act
A. What Is the Paperwork Reduction Act?
B. Does the Paperwork Reduction Act Apply to This Final Rule?
XII. Executive Orders on Federalism
What Are the Executive Orders on Federalism and Are They
Applicable to This Final Rule?
XIII. Executive Order 13084
What Is Executive Order 13084 and Is It Applicable to This Final
Rule?
I. Background
A. What Are CERCLA and SARA?
In 1980, Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601-9675 (``CERCLA'' or
``the Act''), in response to the dangers of uncontrolled releases of
hazardous substances. CERCLA was amended on October 17, 1986, by the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (``SARA''), Public Law 99-
499, 100 Stat. 1613 et seq.
B. What Is the NCP?
To implement CERCLA, EPA promulgated the revised National Oil and
Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (``NCP''), 40 CFR part
300, on July 16, 1982 (47 FR 31180), pursuant to CERCLA section 105 and
Executive Order 12316 (46 FR 42237, August 20, 1981). The NCP sets
guidelines and procedures for responding to releases and threatened
releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants under
CERCLA. EPA has revised the NCP on several occasions. The most recent
comprehensive revision was on March 8, 1990 (55 FR 8666).
As required under section 105(a)(8)(A) of CERCLA, the NCP also
includes ``criteria for determining priorities among releases or
threatened releases throughout the United States for the purpose of
taking remedial action and, to the extent practicable, taking into
account the potential urgency of such action for the purpose of taking
removal action.'' (``Removal'' actions are defined broadly and include
a wide range of actions taken to study, clean up, prevent or otherwise
address releases and threatened releases 42 U.S.C. 9601(23).)
C. What Is the National Priorities List (NPL)?
The NPL is a list of national priorities among the known or
threatened releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or
contaminants throughout the United States. The list, which is appendix
B of the NCP (40 CFR part 300), was required under section 105(a)(8)(B)
of CERCLA, as amended by SARA. Section 105(a)(8)(B) defines the NPL as
a list of ``releases'' and the highest priority ``facilities'' and
requires that the NPL be revised at least annually. The NPL is intended
primarily to guide EPA in determining which sites warrant further
investigation to assess the nature and extent of public health and
environmental risks associated with a release of hazardous substances.
The NPL is only of limited significance, however, as it does not assign
liability to any party or to the owner of any specific property.
Neither does placing a site on the NPL mean that any remedial or
removal action necessarily need be taken.
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For purposes of listing, the NPL includes two sections, one of
sites that are generally evaluated and cleaned up by EPA (the ``General
Superfund Section''), and one of sites that are owned or operated by
other Federal agencies (the ``Federal Facilities Section''). With
respect to sites in the Federal Facilities Section, these sites are
generally being addressed by other Federal agencies. Under Executive
Order 12580 (52 FR 2923, January 29, 1987) and CERCLA section 120, each
Federal agency is responsible for carrying out most response actions at
facilities under its own jurisdiction, custody, or control, although
EPA is responsible for preparing an HRS score and determining whether
the facility is placed on the NPL. EPA generally is not the lead agency
at Federal Facilities Section sites, and its role at such sites is
accordingly less extensive than at other sites.
D. How Are Sites Listed on the NPL?
There are three mechanisms for placing sites on the NPL for
possible remedial action (see 40 CFR 300.425(c) of the NCP): (1) A site
may be included on the NPL if it scores sufficiently high on the Hazard
Ranking System (``HRS''), which EPA promulgated as appendix A of the
NCP (40 CFR part 300). The HRS serves as a screening device to evaluate
the relative potential of uncontrolled hazardous substances to pose a
threat to human health or the environment. On December 14, 1990 (55 FR
51532), EPA promulgated revisions to the HRS partly in response to
CERCLA section 105(c), added by SARA. The revised HRS evaluates four
pathways: ground water, surface water, soil exposure, and air. As a
matter of Agency policy, those sites that score 28.50 or greater on the
HRS are eligible for the NPL; (2) Each State may designate a single
site as its top priority to be listed on the NPL, regardless of the HRS
score. This mechanism, provided by the NCP at 40 CFR 300.425(c)(2)
requires that, to the extent practicable, the NPL include within the
100 highest priorities, one facility designated by each State
representing the greatest danger to public health, welfare, or the
environment among known facilities in the State (see 42 U.S.C.
9605(a)(8)(B)); (3) The third mechanism for listing, included in the
NCP at 40 CFR 300.425(c)(3), allows certain sites to be listed
regardless of their HRS score, if all of the following conditions are
met:
<bullet> The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR) of the U.S. Public Health Service has issued a health advisory
that recommends dissociation of individuals from the release.
<bullet> EPA determines that the release poses a significant threat
to public health.
<bullet> EPA anticipates that it will be more cost-effective to use
its remedial authority than to use its removal authority to respond to
the release.
EPA promulgated an original NPL of 406 sites on September 8, 1983
(48 FR 40658). The NPL has been expanded since then, most recently on
February 4, 2000 (65 FR 5435).
E. What Happens to Sites on the NPL?
A site may undergo remedial action financed by the Trust Fund
established under CERCLA (commonly referred to as the ``Superfund'')
only after it is placed on the NPL, as provided in the NCP at 40 CFR
300.425(b)(1). (``Remedial actions'' are those ``consistent with
permanent remedy, taken instead of or in addition to removal actions *
* *.'' 42 U.S.C. 9601(24).) However, under 40 CFR 300.425(b)(2) placing
a site on the NPL ``does not imply that monies will be expended.'' EPA
may pursue other appropriate authorities to respond to the releases,
including enforcement action under CERCLA and other laws.
F. How Are Site Boundaries Defined?
The NPL does not describe releases in precise geographical terms;
it would be neither feasible nor consistent with the limited purpose of
the NPL (to identify releases that are priorities for further
evaluation), for it to do so.
Although a CERCLA ``facility'' is broadly defined to include any
area where a hazardous substance release has ``come to be located''
(CERCLA section 101(9)), the listing process itself is not intended to
define or reflect the boundaries of such facilities or releases. Of
course, HRS data (if the HRS is used to list a site) upon which the NPL
placement was based will, to some extent, describe the release(s) at
issue. That is, the NPL site would include all releases evaluated as
part of that HRS analysis.
When a site is listed, the approach generally used to describe the
relevant release(s) is to delineate a geographical area (usually the
area within an installation or plant boundaries) and identify the site
by reference to that area. As a legal matter, the site is not
coextensive with that area, and the boundaries of the installation or
plant are not the ``boundaries'' of the site. Rather, the site consists
of all contaminated areas within the area used to identify the site, as
well as any other location to which that contamination has come to be
located, or from which that contamination came.
In other words, while geographic terms are often used to designate
the site (e.g., the ``Jones Co. plant site'') in terms of the property
owned by a particular party, the site properly understood is not
limited to that property (e.g., it may extend beyond the property due
to contaminant migration), and conversely may not occupy the full
extent of the property (e.g., where there are uncontaminated parts of
the identified property, they may not be, strictly speaking, part of
the ``site''). The ``site'' is thus neither equal to nor confined by
the boundaries of any specific property that may give the site its
name, and the name itself should not be read to imply that this site is
coextensive with the entire area within the property boundary of the
installation or plant. The precise nature and extent of the site are
typically not known at the time of listing. Also, the site name is
merely used to help identify the geographic location of the
contamination. For example, the name ``Jones Co. plant site,'' does not
imply that the Jones company is responsible for the contamination
located on the plant site.
EPA regulations provide that the ``nature and extent of the problem
presented by the release'' will be determined by a remedial
investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) as more information is
developed on site contamination (40 CFR 300.5). During the RI/FS
process, the release may be found to be larger or smaller than was
originally thought, as more is learned about the source(s) and the
migration of the contamination. However, this inquiry focuses on an
evaluation of the threat posed; the boundaries of the release need not
be exactly defined. Moreover, it generally is impossible to discover
the full extent of where the contamination ``has come to be located''
before all necessary studies and remedial work are completed at a site.
Indeed, the known boundaries of the contamination can be expected to
change over time. Thus, in most cases, it may be impossible to describe
the boundaries of a release with absolute certainty.
Further, as noted above, NPL listing does not assign liability to
any party or to the owner of any specific property. Thus, if a party
does not believe it is liable for releases on discrete parcels of
property, supporting information can be submitted to the Agency at any
time after a party receives notice it is a potentially responsible
party.
For these reasons, the NPL need not be amended as further research
reveals
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more information about the location of the contamination or release.
G. How Are Sites Removed From the NPL?
EPA may delete sites from the NPL where no further response is
appropriate under Superfund, as explained in the NCP at 40 CFR
300.425(e). This section also provides that EPA shall consult with
states on proposed deletions and shall consider whether any of the
following criteria have been met:
(i) Responsible parties or other persons have implemented all
appropriate response actions required;
(ii) All appropriate Superfund-financed response has been
implemented and no further response action is required; or
(iii) The remedial investigation has shown the release poses no
significant threat to public health or the environment, and taking of
remedial measures is not appropriate.
As of April 27, 2000, the Agency has deleted 212 sites from the NPL.
H. Can Portions of Sites Be Deleted From the NPL as They Are Cleaned
Up?
In November 1995, EPA initiated a new policy to delete portions of
NPL sites where cleanup is complete (60 FR 55465, November 1, 1995).
Total site cleanup may take many years, while portions of the site may
have been cleaned up and available for productive use. As of April 27,
2000, EPA has deleted portions of 18 sites.
I. What Is the Construction Completion List (CCL)?
EPA also has developed an NPL construction completion list
(``CCL'') to simplify its system of categorizing sites and to better
communicate the successful completion of cleanup activities (58 FR
12142, March 2, 1993). Inclusion of a site on the CCL has no legal
significance.
Sites qualify for the CCL when: (1) Any necessary physical
construction is complete, whether or not final cleanup levels or other
requirements have been achieved; (2) EPA has determined that the
response action should be limited to measures that do not involve
construction (e.g., institutional controls); or (3) the site qualifies
for deletion from the NPL.
Of the 212 sites that have been deleted from the NPL, 203 sites
were deleted because they have been cleaned up (the other 9 sites were
deleted based on deferral to other authorities and are not considered
cleaned up). As of April 27, 2000, there are a total of 685 sites on
the CCL. This total includes the 212 deleted sites. For the most up-to-
date information on the CCL, see EPA's Internet site at http://
www.epa.gov/superfund.
II. Availability of Information to the Public
A. Can I Review the Documents Relevant to This Final Rule?
Yes, documents relating to the evaluation and scoring of the sites
in this final rule are contained in dockets located both at EPA
Headquarters and in the Regional offices.
B. What Documents Are Available for Review at the Headquarters Docket?
The Headquarters docket for this rule contains, for each site, the
HRS score sheets, the Documentation Record describing the information
used to compute the score, pertinent information regarding statutory
requirements or EPA listing policies that affect the site, and a list
of documents referenced in the Documentation Record. The Headquarters
docket also contains comments received, and the Agency's responses to
those comments. The Agency's responses are contained in the ``Support
Document for the Revised National Priorities List Final Rule--May
2000.''
C. What Documents Are Available for Review at the Regional Dockets?
The Regional dockets contain all the information in the
Headquarters docket, plus the actual reference documents containing the
data principally relied upon by EPA in calculating or evaluating the
HRS score for the sites located in their Region. These reference
documents are available only in the Regional dockets.
D. How Do I Access the Documents?
You may view the documents, by appointment only, after the
publication of this document. The hours of operation for the
Headquarters docket are from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,
excluding Federal holidays. Please contact the Regional dockets for
hours.
Following is the contact information for the EPA Headquarters:
Docket Coordinator, Headquarters, U.S. EPA CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 1st Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington,
VA, 703/603-8917.
The contact information for the Regional dockets is as follows:
Barbara Callahan, Region 1 (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT), U.S. EPA, Records
Center, Mailcode HSC, One Congress Street, Suite 1100, Boston, MA
02114-2023; 617/918-1356
Ben Conetta, Region 2 (NJ, NY, PR, VI), U.S. EPA, 290 Broadway, New
York, NY 10007-1866; 212/637-4435
Dawn Shellenberger (GCI), Region 3 (DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV), U.S. EPA,
Library, 1650 Arch Street, Mailcode 3PM52, Philadelphia, PA 19103; 215/
814-5364
Joellen O'Neill, Region 4 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN), U.S. EPA,
61 Forsyth Street, SW, 9th floor, Atlanta, GA 30303; 404/562-8127
Region 5 (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI), U.S. EPA, Records Center, Waste
Management Division 7-J, Metcalfe Federal Building, 77 West Jackson
Boulevard, Chicago, IL 60604; 312/886-7570
Brenda Cook, Region 6 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX), U.S. EPA, 1445 Ross Avenue,
Mailcode 6SF-RA, Dallas, TX 75202-2733; 214/665-7436
Carole Long, Region 7 (IA, KS, MO, NE), U.S. EPA, 901 North 5th Street,
Kansas City, KS 66101; 913/551-7224
David Williams, Region 8 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY), U.S. EPA, 999 18th
Street, Suite 500, Mailcode 8EPR-SA, Denver, CO 80202-2466; 303/312-
6757
Carolyn Douglas, Region 9 (AZ, CA, HI, NV, AS, GU), U.S. EPA, 75
Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105; 415/744-2343
Robert Phillips, Region 10 (AK, ID, OR, WA), U.S. EPA, 11th Floor, 1200
6th Avenue, Mail Stop ECL-115, Seattle, WA 98101; 206/553-6699
E. How Can I Obtain a Current List of NPL Sites?
You may obtain a current list of NPL sites via the Internet at
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/ (look under site information category) or
by contacting the Superfund Docket (see contact information above).
III. Contents of This Final Rule
A. Additions to the NPL
This final rule adds 7 sites to the NPL; all to the General
Superfund Section of the NPL. Table 1 presents the 7 sites in the
General Superfund Section. Sites in the table are arranged
alphabetically by State.
Table 1.--National Priorities List Final Rule, General Superfund Section
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State Site name City/county
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AR............... Ouachita Nevada Wood Reader.
Treater.
CA............... Leviathan Mine......... Alpine County.
FL............... Callaway & Son Drum Lake Alfred.
Service.
FL............... Landia Chemical Company Lakeland.
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NY............... Old Roosevelt Field Garden City.
Contaminated Ground
Water Area.
UT............... Intermountain Waste Oil Bountiful.
Refinery.
WA............... Midnite Mine........... Wellpinit.
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Number of Sites Added to the General Superfund Section: 7.
B. Status of NPL
With the 7 new sites added to the NPL in today's final rule; the
NPL now contains 1,227 final sites; 1,068 in the General Superfund
Section and 159 in the Federal Facilities Section. With a separate rule
(published elsewhere in today's Federal Register) proposing to add 14
new sites to the NPL, there are now 62 sites proposed and awaiting
final agency action, 55 in the General Superfund Section and 7 in the
Federal Facilities Section. Final and proposed sites now total 1,289.
(These numbers reflect the status of sites as of April 27, 2000. Site
deletions occurring after this date may affect these numbers at time of
publication in the Federal Register.)
C. What Did EPA Do With the Public Comments It Received?
EPA reviewed all comments received on the sites in this rule. The
Midnite Mine site was proposed on February 16, 1999 (64 FR 7564). The
Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery site and the Leviathan Mine site were
proposed on October 22, 1999 (64 FR 56992). The following sites were
proposed on February 4, 2000 (65 FR 5435): Ouachita Nevada Wood
Treater, Callaway & Son Drum Service, Landia Chemical Company, and Old
Roosevelt Field Contaminated Ground Water Area.
For Ouachita Nevada Wood Treater, Callaway & Son Drum Service,
Landia Chemical Company, and Old Roosevelt Field Contaminated Ground
Water Area sites, EPA received no comments affecting the HRS scoring of
these sites and therefore, EPA is placing them on the final NPL at this
time.
EPA responded to all relevant comments received on the other sites.
EPA's responses to site-specific public comments are addressed in the
``Support Document for the Revised National Priorities List Final
Rule--May 2000''.
IV. Executive Order 12866
A. What Is Executive Order 12866?
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993)) the
Agency must determine whether a regulatory action is ``significant''
and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the
Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as
one that is likely to result in a rule that may: (1) Have an annual
effect on the economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a
material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity,
competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State,
local, or tribal governments or communities; (2) create a serious
inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by
another agency; (3) materially alter the budgetary impact of
entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and
obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy
issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or
the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
B. Is This Final Rule Subject to Executive Order 12866 Review?
No, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted this
regulatory action from Executive Order 12866 review.
V. Unfunded Mandates
A. What Is the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)?
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal Agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
one year. Before EPA promulgates a rule for which a written statement
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory
requirements.
B. Does UMRA Apply to This Final Rule?
No, EPA has determined that this rule does not contain a Federal
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for
State, local, and tribal governments in the aggregate, or by the
private sector in any one year. This rule will not impose any federal
intergovernmental mandate because it imposes no enforceable duty upon
State, tribal or local governments. Listing a site on the NPL does not
itself impose any costs. Listing does not mean that EPA necessarily
will undertake remedial action. Nor does listing require any action by
a private party or determine liability for response costs. Costs that
arise out of site responses result from site-specific decisions
regarding what actions to take, not directly from the act of listing a
site on the NPL.
For the same reasons, EPA also has determined that this rule
contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or
uniquely affect small governments. In addition, as discussed above, the
private sector is not expected to incur costs exceeding $100 million.
EPA has fulfilled the requirement for analysis under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act.
VI. Effect on Small Businesses
A. What Is the Regulatory Flexibility Act?
Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.,
as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
(SBREFA) of 1996) whenever an agency is required to publish a notice of
rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make
available for public comment
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a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule
on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small organizations, and
small governmental jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility
analysis is required if the head of an agency certifies the rule will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require
Federal agencies to provide a statement of the factual basis for
certifying that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
B. Does the Regulatory Flexibility Act Apply to This Final Rule?
No. While this rule revises the NPL, an NPL revision is not a
typical regulatory change since it does not automatically impose costs.
As stated above, adding sites to the NPL does not in itself require any
action by any party, nor does it determine the liability of any party
for the cost of cleanup at the site. Further, no identifiable groups
are affected as a whole. As a consequence, impacts on any group are
hard to predict. A site's inclusion on the NPL could increase the
likelihood of adverse impacts on responsible parties (in the form of
cleanup costs), but at this time EPA cannot identify the potentially
affected businesses or estimate the number of small businesses that
might also be affected.
The Agency does expect that placing the sites in this rule on the
NPL could significantly affect certain industries, or firms within
industries, that have caused a proportionately high percentage of waste
site problems. However, EPA does not expect the listing of these sites
to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
businesses.
In any case, economic impacts would occur only through enforcement
and cost-recovery actions, which EPA takes at its discretion on a site-
by-site basis. EPA considers many factors when determining enforcement
actions, including not only a firm's contribution to the problem, but
also its ability to pay. The impacts (from cost recovery) on small
governments and nonprofit organizations would be determined on a
similar case-by-case basis.
For the foregoing reasons, I hereby certify that this rule, if
promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. Therefore, this regulation does
not require a regulatory flexibility analysis.
VII. Possible Changes to the Effective Date of the Rule
A. Has This Rule Been Submitted to Congress and the General Accounting
Office?
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA has submitted a report containing this rule and
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A ``major rule''
cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).
B. Could the Effective Date of This Final Rule Change?
Provisions of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) or section 305 of
CERCLA may alter the effective date of this regulation.
Under the CRA, 5 U.S.C. 801(a), before a rule can take effect the
federal agency promulgating the rule must submit a report to each House
of the Congress and to the Comptroller General. This report must
contain a copy of the rule, a concise general statement relating to the
rule (including whether it is a major rule), a copy of the cost-benefit
analysis of the rule (if any), the agency's actions relevant to
provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (affecting small
businesses) and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (describing
unfunded federal requirements imposed on state and local governments
and the private sector), and any other relevant information or
requirements and any relevant Executive Orders.
EPA has submitted a report under the CRA for this rule. The rule
will take effect, as provided by law, within 30 days of publication of
this document, since it is not a major rule. Section 804(2) defines a
major rule as any rule that the Administrator of the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) of the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) finds has resulted in or is likely to result in: an
annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more; a major increase
in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal,
State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or
significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment,
productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based
enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises in domestic and
export markets. NPL listing is not a major rule because, as explained
above, the listing, itself, imposes no monetary costs on any person. It
establishes no enforceable duties, does not establish that EPA
necessarily will undertake remedial action, nor does it require any
action by any party or determine its liability for site response costs.
Costs that arise out of site responses result from site-by-site
decisions about what actions to take, not directly from the act of
listing itself. Section 801(a)(3) provides for a delay in the effective
date of major rules after this report is submitted.
C. What Could Cause the Effective Date of This Rule to Change?
Under 5 U.S.C. 801(b)(1) a rule shall not take effect, or continue
in effect, if Congress enacts (and the President signs) a joint
resolution of disapproval, described under section 802.
Another statutory provision that may affect this rule is CERCLA
section 305, which provides for a legislative veto of regulations
promulgated under CERCLA. Although INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919,103 S.
Ct. 2764 (1983) and Bd. of Regents of the University of Washington v.
EPA, 86 F.3d 1214,1222 (D.C. Cir. 1996) cast the validity of the
legislative veto into question, EPA has transmitted a copy of this
regulation to the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of
Representatives.
If action by Congress under either the CRA or CERCLA section 305
calls the effective date of this regulation into question, EPA will
publish a document of clarification in the Federal Register.
VIII. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
A. What Is the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act?
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note), directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its
regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards
are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or
adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA
to
[[Page 30487]]
provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not
to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards.
B. Does the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act Apply to
This Final Rule?
No. This rulemaking does not involve technical standards.
Therefore, EPA did not consider the use of any voluntary consensus
standards.
IX. Executive Order 12898
A. What Is Executive Order 12898?
Under Executive Order 12898, ``Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations,'' as well as through EPA's April 1995, ``Environmental
Justice Strategy, OSWER Environmental Justice Task Force Action Agenda
Report,'' and National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, EPA has
undertaken to incorporate environmental justice into its policies and
programs. EPA is committed to addressing environmental justice
concerns, and is assuming a leadership role in environmental justice
initiatives to enhance environmental quality for all residents of the
United States. The Agency's goals are to ensure that no segment of the
population, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income,
bears disproportionately high and adverse human health and
environmental effects as a result of EPA's policies, programs, and
activities, and all people live in clean and sustainable communities.
B. Does Executive Order 12898 Apply to This Final Rule?
No. While this rule revises the NPL, no action will result from
this rule that will have disproportionately high and adverse human
health and environmental effects on any segment of the population.
X. Executive Order 13045
A. What Is Executive Order 13045?
Executive Order 13045: ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health
or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
B. Does Executive Order 13045 Apply to This Final Rule?
This rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not
an economically significant rule as defined by Executive Order 12866,
and because the Agency does not have reason to believe the
environmental health or safety risks addressed by this section present
a disproportionate risk to children.
XI. Paperwork Reduction Act
A. What Is the Paperwork Reduction Act?
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et
seq., an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not
required to respond to a collection of information that requires OMB
approval under the PRA, unless it has been approved by OMB and displays
a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations, after initial display in the preamble of the final rules,
are listed in 40 CFR part 9. The information collection requirements
related to this action have already been approved by OMB pursuant to
the PRA under OMB control number 2070-0012 (EPA ICR No. 574).
B. Does the Paperwork Reduction Act Apply to This Final Rule?
No. EPA has determined that the PRA does not apply because this
rule does not contain any information collection requirements that
require approval of the OMB.
XII. Executive Orders on Federalism
What Are the Executive Orders on Federalism and Are They Applicable to
This Final Rule?
Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
Under Section 6 of Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a
regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs, and that is not required by statute, unless
the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct
compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA
consults with State and local officials early in the process of
developing the proposed regulation. EPA also may not issue a regulation
that has federalism implications and that preempts State law, unless
the Agency consults with State and local officials early in the process
of developing the proposed regulation.
This final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. Thus, the requirements of
section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to this rule.
XIII. Executive Order 13084
What Is Executive Order 13084 and Is It Applicable to This Final Rule?
Under Executive Order 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is
not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects the
communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial
direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by the tribal governments, or EPA consults with those
governments. If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13084
requires EPA to provide to the Office of Management and Budget, in a
separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a
description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with
representatives of affected tribal governments, a summary of the nature
of their concerns, and a statement supporting the need to issue the
regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to develop
an effective process permitting elected officials and other
representatives of Indian tribal governments ``to provide meaningful
and timely input in the development of regulatory policies on matters
that significantly or uniquely affect their communities.''
This rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the communities
of Indian tribal governments because it does not significantly or
uniquely affect their communities. Accordingly, the requirements of
section 3(b) of
[[Page 30488]]
Executive Order 13084 do not apply to this rule.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 300
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Chemicals,
Hazardous substances, Hazardous waste, Intergovernmental relations,
Natural resources, Oil pollution, Penalties, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Superfund, Water pollution control, Water
supply.
Dated: May 3, 2000.
Timothy Fields, Jr.,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
40 CFR part 300 is amended as follows:
PART 300--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 300 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 33 U.S.C. 1321(c)(2); 42 U.S.C. 9601-9657; E. O.
12777, 56 FR 54757, 3 CFR, 1991 Comp., p. 351; E.O. 12580, 52 FR
2923, 3 CFR, 1987 Comp., p. 193.
2. Table 1 of Appendix B to Part 300 is amended by adding the
following sites in alphabetical order to read as follows:
Appendix B to Part 300--National Priorities List
Table 1.--General Superfund Section
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State Site name City/county Notes (a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
*
AR................... Ouachita Nevada Wood Treater....... Reader.
* * * * * *
*
CA................... Leviathan Mine..................... Alpine County.
* * * * * *
*
FL................... Callaway & Son Drum Service........ Lake Alfred.
* * * * * *
*
FL................... Landia Chemical Company............ Lakeland.
* * * * * *
*
NY................... Old Roosevelt Field Contaminated Garden City.
Ground Water Area.
* * * * * *
*
UT................... Intermountain Waste Oil Refinery... Bountiful.
* * * * * *
*
WA................... Midnite Mine....................... Wellpinit.
* * * * * *
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) A=Based on issuance of health advisory by Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (if scored, HRS
score need not be <ls-thn-eq> 28.50).
C=Sites on construction completion list.
S=State top priority (included among the 100 top priority sites regardless of score).
P=Sites with partial deletion(s).
[FR Doc. 00-11562 Filed 5-10-00; 8:45 am]
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