Hi Ronald,
For the first question, as you have multiple installations of google-cloud-speech-enabled application, I assume you also have separate VMs which are running them. You might consider adding separate projects with separate billing accounts associated with them which will have those VMs underneath them. The details of charges associated with Google Cloud Speech API can also be found in this article.
For the second and third questions, you should not be using application-default credentials from “gcloud auth application-default” to authenticate your service accounts. Instead, you should obtain and use a service account key as described in the article.