Update since no one replied and I figured out a little bit more.
I switched to non-headless mode temporarily. In this mode remote debugging worked just fine, however the url I was redirected to was much different.
So then, I switched back to headless mode, and using this new url as the template, got the correct hex value to put after /page/ by going to the url that 404'd.
Which worked just fine. It seems chromium is just plain redirecting to the wrong url when in headless mode.
So, I can successfully remote debug now, but it's a real pain because I have to splice together the proper url.