You should only use devtools front-end build with Chromium from the
same build.
More details on why it fails for you: most likely Chrome is already
running with the same profile and instead of running the new one with
proper --debug-devtools-frontend flag, you get another window of
already running Chrome. To fix that, you should can add --user-data-
dir=<profile folder> to your command line. However, as I mentioned
above, only use front-end with Chromium from the same build. Otherwise
it may look like it is working, but you will hit random bugs due to
incompatibilities.
Pavel