Can you add a bit more context? Is this something you can do manually? I'm not familiar with this functionality. That being said, you could probably build a Docs addon/extension that would either add a menu item, or a sidebar that would let you interact with the document.
You would have to write the script in such a way that it gets the document body, parses the objects within the body, checks the properties of each object and checks for a specific format. Each time it finds a match, it would format it as you program it.
I don't know about adding a hot-key, that is why I mentioned adding a menu item or sidebar for script execution.