I've also had the same question. The quota
should go against the user of the addon. For example, if an addon sends an email, then the quota for sending an email goes against the account that installed the addon. I don't see why it would be any different for URL fetch calls. But, I've never had an addon that would test those URL fetch limits. The addon basically runs as if the account that installed it was running it as their own code. The only situation that I know of where the addon user affects anything in your account is with Properties Service Script Properties. The Script Properties actually saves key/value pairs to
your Apps Script project file.
So, I'm guessing that if you had 100,000 users of an addon that were all making 20,000 URL fetch calls a day, that they'd all be able to do that, and it would have no affect on your account. There is no Google API to enable in the Google Cloud Platform project in order to make URL fetch calls, so there is no API quota.
But, I don't have the official, definitive answer. I actually do want to be able to use this capability at some point.