Hi there,
I can confirm that the Cloud Datastore Client Library is supported on the standard App Engine environment. It is possible to test it by following the Quickstart for PHP App Engine Standard Environment tutorial and including the provided code from your referenced Get Started page.
Make sure to install the client library using composer and note that the PHP application will only connect to the Cloud Datastore when the code is deployed to App Engine. In order to test it locally, you will need to use the Datastore Emulator and make sure to specify the appropriate port as described here under “Using the Datastore Emulator”. Lastly, this is a Beta release of the Cloud Client Libraries for the Google Cloud Datastore API. These libraries might be changed in backward-incompatible ways and are not subject to any SLA or deprecation policy.