According to Cloud Scheduler documentation [1--See the App Engine HTTP], App Engine endpoints can be secured with "login: admin" in the app.yaml file. While I understand that the admin login feature is not available for some environments and not documented for some of the App Engine Standard Language Runtimes, certainly it is not available for App Engine flex, I do not have any information about the deprecation. At the least, I have no documentation that confirms that at this point.
About the use of X-Cloudscheduler:true as a header, following internal tests completed on various types of requests, this may somewhat be relied upon to filter requests for some of the cases. However, in one of the tests done in the past for requests, we found the use flawed. Since using the X-Cloudscheduler:true as a header may not be viable for all cases(at least, from our internal tests in the past), I believe this may be the reason why the documentation has not been duly updated.