There are a few reasons why you might see this behavior. I'd check the following:
1) Make sure your Ad Unit ID is correct, and registered on AdMob.com
2) Make sure your AdMob account (and AdSense/AdWords, if you have them) are in good standing and not suspended
3) Make sure your device is updated with the latest version of Google Play services
4) Check that the Test Device ID you're using is correct.
5) Check the logcat output of your device for additional information from the SDK.
Thanks!
-Andrew