Technically, yes, it is possible to use the split JAR files in a command line-built project, but it would be extremely tricky to do so, and it's not something that we recommend or support.
You would have to go into the SDK extras folder, find the artifacts with the JARs inside, extract them, then build a wrapper project to include the resources that AAR files contain but JARs cannot. If you're the kind of developer who prefers command line tools to an IDE, this may be your kind of thing. As I mentioned, though, it's not something we'd be able to support here, as none of us have tried it. :)
-Andrew