React is one of many client side (browser) JavaScript frameworks for building user interfaces.
JSX is not required when using React, but is recommended as it gives you the full power of JavaScript to describe your rendered HTML.
Node is not required. If you're using Go, use it to build a server-side JSON API and, optionally, act as your web server.
Our last project was a Go based API service with the HTML/JS/CCS served-up by Caddy (a web server written in Go). On the client side we used VueJS, one of the bazillion alternatives to React.
It's all works quite well, and I would recommend a similar approach for those looking to use a Go based solution. i.e. Go JSON API services with your web server and JS framework of choice.
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Kevin Powick