What you want to do isn't possible without resorting to "monkey patching" (see
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch) since the wrapper you want to intercept is part of the runtime support code that is statically linked into the binary. At least not in any practical manner. The impractical solutions involve mechanisms such as the platform (not Go) "ptrace" API. The only practical solution is to create your own custom Go compiler that incorporates your modification to the use of the futex syscall.
On the other hand your question is unclear, even puzzling, because the use of a dynamically loaded shared library, written in C, doesn't depend on the Go runtime use of the futex API. At least not directly. That dynamically loaded code won't be using the futex code in the Go runtime.