Ok Jan, you are right. They do still play a part under the hood.
So external modules get cached under $GOMODCACHE which is $GOPATH/pkg/mod by default
and go install installs executables under $GOBIN which is $GOPATH/bin by default.
But my point is that (apart from $GOBIN), this is something that the end-user no longer needs to bother themselves with.
Unlike the earliest go versions, you no longer need to set GOPATH in order to compile your code.
And you no longer need to insert your code into a directory tree under GOPATH.