[go] internal/poll, os: loop on EINTR
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Ian Lance Taylor (Gerrit)
May 11, 2020, 6:38:37 PM5/11/20
to goph...@pubsubhelper.golang.org, golang-...@googlegroups.com, Gobot Gobot, Bryan C. Mills, Rob Pike, Austin Clements, golang-co...@googlegroups.com
Ian Lance Taylor submitted this change.
Approvals:
Bryan C. Mills: Looks good to me, approved
Ian Lance Taylor: Run TryBots
Gobot Gobot: TryBots succeeded
internal/poll, os: loop on EINTR
Historically we've assumed that we can install all signal handlers
with the SA_RESTART flag set, and let the system restart slow functions
if a signal is received. Therefore, we don't have to worry about EINTR.
This is only partially true, and we've added EINTR checks already for
connect, and open/read on Darwin, and sendfile on Solaris.
Other cases have turned up in #36644, #38033, and #38836.
Also, #20400 points out that when Go code is included in a C program,
the C program may install its own signal handlers without SA_RESTART.
In that case, Go code will see EINTR no matter what it does.
So, go ahead and check for EINTR. We don't check in the syscall package;
people using syscalls directly may want to check for EINTR themselves.
But we do check for EINTR in the higher level APIs in os and net,
and retry the system call if we see it.
This change looks safe, but of course we may be missing some cases
where we need to check for EINTR. As such cases turn up, we can add
tests to runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/eintr.go, and fix the code.
If there are any such cases, their handling after this change will be
no worse than it is today.
For #22838
Fixes #20400
Fixes #36644
Fixes #38033
Fixes #38836
Change-Id: I7e46ca8cafed0429c7a2386cc9edc9d9d47a6896
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/232862
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <ia...@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <go...@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcm...@google.com>
---
M src/internal/poll/copy_file_range_linux.go
M src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go
M src/internal/poll/fd_writev_unix.go
M src/internal/poll/sendfile_bsd.go
M src/internal/poll/sendfile_linux.go
M src/internal/poll/splice_linux.go
M src/internal/poll/writev.go
M src/os/exec_unix.go
M src/os/wait_wait6.go
M src/os/wait_waitid.go
M src/runtime/crash_cgo_test.go
A src/runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/eintr.go
M src/runtime/trace/trace_stack_test.go
M src/syscall/exec_unix.go
14 files changed, 359 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/copy_file_range_linux.go b/src/internal/poll/copy_file_range_linux.go
index 98210cc..604607f 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/copy_file_range_linux.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/copy_file_range_linux.go
@@ -88,6 +88,12 @@
return 0, err
}
defer src.readUnlock()
- n, err := unix.CopyFileRange(src.Sysfd, nil, dst.Sysfd, nil, max, 0)
+ var n int
+ for {
+ n, err = unix.CopyFileRange(src.Sysfd, nil, dst.Sysfd, nil, max, 0)
+ if err != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
return int64(n), err
}
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go b/src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go
index 4716d58..85c79bb 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/fd_unix.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
import (
"io"
- "runtime"
"sync/atomic"
"syscall"
)
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@
p = p[:maxRW]
}
for {
- n, err := syscall.Read(fd.Sysfd, p)
+ n, err := ignoringEINTR(syscall.Read, fd.Sysfd, p)
if err != nil {
n = 0
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
@@ -161,12 +160,6 @@
continue
}
}
-
- // On MacOS we can see EINTR here if the user
- // pressed ^Z. See issue #22838.
- if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && err == syscall.EINTR {
- continue
- }
}
err = fd.eofError(n, err)
return n, err
@@ -184,7 +177,16 @@
if fd.IsStream && len(p) > maxRW {
p = p[:maxRW]
}
- n, err := syscall.Pread(fd.Sysfd, p, off)
+ var (
+ n int
+ err error
+ )
+ for {
+ n, err = syscall.Pread(fd.Sysfd, p, off)
+ if err != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
if err != nil {
n = 0
}
@@ -205,6 +207,9 @@
for {
n, sa, err := syscall.Recvfrom(fd.Sysfd, p, 0)
if err != nil {
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
n = 0
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
if err = fd.pd.waitRead(fd.isFile); err == nil {
@@ -229,6 +234,9 @@
for {
n, oobn, flags, sa, err := syscall.Recvmsg(fd.Sysfd, p, oob, 0)
if err != nil {
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
// TODO(dfc) should n and oobn be set to 0
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
if err = fd.pd.waitRead(fd.isFile); err == nil {
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@
if fd.IsStream && max-nn > maxRW {
max = nn + maxRW
}
- n, err := syscall.Write(fd.Sysfd, p[nn:max])
+ n, err := ignoringEINTR(syscall.Write, fd.Sysfd, p[nn:max])
if n > 0 {
nn += n
}
@@ -293,6 +301,9 @@
max = nn + maxRW
}
n, err := syscall.Pwrite(fd.Sysfd, p[nn:max], off+int64(nn))
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if n > 0 {
nn += n
}
@@ -319,6 +330,9 @@
}
for {
err := syscall.Sendto(fd.Sysfd, p, 0, sa)
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
if err = fd.pd.waitWrite(fd.isFile); err == nil {
continue
@@ -342,6 +356,9 @@
}
for {
n, err := syscall.SendmsgN(fd.Sysfd, p, oob, sa, 0)
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
if err = fd.pd.waitWrite(fd.isFile); err == nil {
continue
@@ -370,6 +387,8 @@
return s, rsa, "", err
}
switch err {
+ case syscall.EINTR:
+ continue
case syscall.EAGAIN:
if fd.pd.pollable() {
if err = fd.pd.waitRead(fd.isFile); err == nil {
@@ -404,7 +423,7 @@
}
defer fd.decref()
for {
- n, err := syscall.ReadDirent(fd.Sysfd, buf)
+ n, err := ignoringEINTR(syscall.ReadDirent, fd.Sysfd, buf)
if err != nil {
n = 0
if err == syscall.EAGAIN && fd.pd.pollable() {
@@ -495,7 +514,7 @@
return 0, err
}
defer fd.writeUnlock()
- return syscall.Write(fd.Sysfd, p)
+ return ignoringEINTR(syscall.Write, fd.Sysfd, p)
}
// RawRead invokes the user-defined function f for a read operation.
@@ -535,3 +554,19 @@
}
}
}
+
+// ignoringEINTR makes a function call and repeats it if it returns
+// an EINTR error. This appears to be required even though we install
+// all signal handlers with SA_RESTART: see #22838, #38033, #38836.
+// Also #20400 and #36644 are issues in which a signal handler is
+// installed without setting SA_RESTART. None of these are the common case,
+// but there are enough of them that it seems that we can't avoid
+// an EINTR loop.
+func ignoringEINTR(fn func(fd int, p []byte) (int, error), fd int, p []byte) (int, error) {
+ for {
+ n, err := fn(fd, p)
+ if err != syscall.EINTR {
+ return n, err
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/fd_writev_unix.go b/src/internal/poll/fd_writev_unix.go
index 86af795..daeec96c 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/fd_writev_unix.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/fd_writev_unix.go
@@ -12,9 +12,18 @@
)
func writev(fd int, iovecs []syscall.Iovec) (uintptr, error) {
- r, _, e := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_WRITEV, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(len(iovecs)))
+ var (
+ r uintptr
+ e syscall.Errno
+ )
+ for {
+ r, _, e = syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_WRITEV, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(len(iovecs)))
+ if e != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
if e != 0 {
- return r, syscall.Errno(e)
+ return r, e
}
return r, nil
}
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/sendfile_bsd.go b/src/internal/poll/sendfile_bsd.go
index 40ae346..a24e41d 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/sendfile_bsd.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/sendfile_bsd.go
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
} else if n == 0 && err1 == nil {
break
}
+ if err1 == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if err1 == syscall.EAGAIN {
if err1 = dstFD.pd.waitWrite(dstFD.isFile); err1 == nil {
continue
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/sendfile_linux.go b/src/internal/poll/sendfile_linux.go
index 8e93806..d642830 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/sendfile_linux.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/sendfile_linux.go
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
} else if n == 0 && err1 == nil {
break
}
+ if err1 == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if err1 == syscall.EAGAIN {
if err1 = dstFD.pd.waitWrite(dstFD.isFile); err1 == nil {
continue
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/splice_linux.go b/src/internal/poll/splice_linux.go
index 5b17ae85..01baf14 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/splice_linux.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/splice_linux.go
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
}
for {
n, err := splice(pipefd, sock.Sysfd, max, spliceNonblock)
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
if err != syscall.EAGAIN {
return n, err
}
diff --git a/src/internal/poll/writev.go b/src/internal/poll/writev.go
index 6050d1f..305e2fd 100644
--- a/src/internal/poll/writev.go
+++ b/src/internal/poll/writev.go
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@
iovecs[i] = syscall.Iovec{}
}
if err != nil {
- if err.(syscall.Errno) == syscall.EAGAIN {
+ if err == syscall.EINTR {
+ continue
+ }
+ if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
if err = fd.pd.waitWrite(fd.isFile); err == nil {
continue
}
diff --git a/src/os/exec_unix.go b/src/os/exec_unix.go
index 6e4ffe8..7759a2d 100644
--- a/src/os/exec_unix.go
+++ b/src/os/exec_unix.go
@@ -33,9 +33,18 @@
p.sigMu.Unlock()
}
- var status syscall.WaitStatus
- var rusage syscall.Rusage
- pid1, e := syscall.Wait4(p.Pid, &status, 0, &rusage)
+ var (
+ status syscall.WaitStatus
+ rusage syscall.Rusage
+ pid1 int
+ e error
+ )
+ for {
+ pid1, e = syscall.Wait4(p.Pid, &status, 0, &rusage)
+ if e != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
if e != nil {
return nil, NewSyscallError("wait", e)
}
diff --git a/src/os/wait_wait6.go b/src/os/wait_wait6.go
index 45bf6490..5420b2d 100644
--- a/src/os/wait_wait6.go
+++ b/src/os/wait_wait6.go
@@ -18,15 +18,20 @@
// It does not actually call p.Wait.
func (p *Process) blockUntilWaitable() (bool, error) {
var errno syscall.Errno
- // The arguments on 32-bit FreeBSD look like the following:
- // - freebsd32_wait6_args{ idtype, id1, id2, status, options, wrusage, info } or
- // - freebsd32_wait6_args{ idtype, pad, id1, id2, status, options, wrusage, info } when PAD64_REQUIRED=1 on ARM, MIPS or PowerPC
- if runtime.GOARCH == "386" {
- _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall9(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0, 0, 0)
- } else if runtime.GOARCH == "arm" {
- _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall9(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, 0, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0, 0)
- } else {
- _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0)
+ for {
+ // The arguments on 32-bit FreeBSD look like the following:
+ // - freebsd32_wait6_args{ idtype, id1, id2, status, options, wrusage, info } or
+ // - freebsd32_wait6_args{ idtype, pad, id1, id2, status, options, wrusage, info } when PAD64_REQUIRED=1 on ARM, MIPS or PowerPC
+ if runtime.GOARCH == "386" {
+ _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall9(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+ } else if runtime.GOARCH == "arm" {
+ _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall9(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, 0, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0, 0)
+ } else {
+ _, _, errno = syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_WAIT6, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), 0, syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0)
+ }
+ if errno != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
}
runtime.KeepAlive(p)
if errno != 0 {
diff --git a/src/os/wait_waitid.go b/src/os/wait_waitid.go
index 6c904e5..9c56eb2 100644
--- a/src/os/wait_waitid.go
+++ b/src/os/wait_waitid.go
@@ -27,7 +27,13 @@
// We don't care about the values it returns.
var siginfo [16]uint64
psig := &siginfo[0]
- _, _, e := syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_WAITID, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(psig)), syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0)
+ var e syscall.Errno
+ for {
+ _, _, e = syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_WAITID, _P_PID, uintptr(p.Pid), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(psig)), syscall.WEXITED|syscall.WNOWAIT, 0, 0)
+ if e != syscall.EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
runtime.KeepAlive(p)
if e != 0 {
// waitid has been available since Linux 2.6.9, but
diff --git a/src/runtime/crash_cgo_test.go b/src/runtime/crash_cgo_test.go
index a4d0ebf..4872189 100644
--- a/src/runtime/crash_cgo_test.go
+++ b/src/runtime/crash_cgo_test.go
@@ -573,3 +573,30 @@
})
}
}
+
+// TestEINTR tests that we handle EINTR correctly.
+// See issue #20400 and friends.
+func TestEINTR(t *testing.T) {
+ switch runtime.GOOS {
+ case "plan9", "windows":
+ t.Skipf("no EINTR on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+ case "linux":
+ if runtime.GOARCH == "386" {
+ // On linux-386 the Go signal handler sets
+ // a restorer function that is not preserved
+ // by the C sigaction call in the test,
+ // causing the signal handler to crash when
+ // returning the normal code. The test is not
+ // architecture-specific, so just skip on 386
+ // rather than doing a complicated workaround.
+ t.Skip("skipping on linux-386; C sigaction does not preserve Go restorer")
+ }
+ }
+
+ t.Parallel()
+ output := runTestProg(t, "testprogcgo", "EINTR")
+ want := "OK\n"
+ if output != want {
+ t.Fatalf("want %s, got %s\n", want, output)
+ }
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/eintr.go b/src/runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/eintr.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd88c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/testdata/testprogcgo/eintr.go
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build !plan9,!windows
+
+package main
+
+/*
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static int clearRestart(int sig) {
+ struct sigaction sa;
+
+ memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+ if (sigaction(sig, NULL, &sa) < 0) {
+ return errno;
+ }
+ sa.sa_flags &=~ SA_RESTART;
+ if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
+ return errno;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import (
+ "bytes"
+ "errors"
+ "fmt"
+ "io"
+ "log"
+ "net"
+ "os"
+ "os/exec"
+ "sync"
+ "syscall"
+ "time"
+)
+
+func init() {
+ register("EINTR", EINTR)
+ register("Nop", Nop)
+}
+
+// Test various operations when a signal handler is installed without
+// the SA_RESTART flag. This tests that the os and net APIs handle EINTR.
+func EINTR() {
+ if errno := C.clearRestart(C.int(syscall.SIGURG)); errno != 0 {
+ log.Fatal(syscall.Errno(errno))
+ }
+ if errno := C.clearRestart(C.int(syscall.SIGWINCH)); errno != 0 {
+ log.Fatal(syscall.Errno(errno))
+ }
+ if errno := C.clearRestart(C.int(syscall.SIGCHLD)); errno != 0 {
+ log.Fatal(syscall.Errno(errno))
+ }
+
+ // Send ourselves SIGWINCH regularly.
+ go func() {
+ for range time.Tick(100 * time.Microsecond) {
+ syscall.Kill(0, syscall.SIGWINCH)
+ }
+ }()
+
+ var wg sync.WaitGroup
+ testPipe(&wg)
+ testNet(&wg)
+ testExec(&wg)
+ wg.Wait()
+ fmt.Println("OK")
+}
+
+// spin does CPU bound spinning and allocating for a millisecond,
+// to get a SIGURG.
+//go:noinline
+func spin() (float64, [][]byte) {
+ stop := time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond)
+ r1 := 0.0
+ var r2 [][]byte
+ for time.Now().Before(stop) {
+ for i := 1; i < 1e6; i++ {
+ r1 += r1 / float64(i)
+ r2 = append(r2, bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(i)}, 100))
+ }
+ }
+ return r1, r2
+}
+
+// testPipe tests pipe operations.
+func testPipe(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
+ r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ if err := syscall.SetNonblock(int(r.Fd()), false); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ if err := syscall.SetNonblock(int(w.Fd()), false); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ wg.Add(2)
+ go func() {
+ defer wg.Done()
+ defer w.Close()
+ // Spin before calling Write so that the first ReadFull
+ // in the other goroutine will likely be interrupted
+ // by a signal.
+ spin()
+ // This Write will likely be interrupted by a signal
+ // as the other goroutine spins in the middle of reading.
+ // We write enough data that we should always fill the
+ // pipe buffer and need multiple write system calls.
+ if _, err := w.Write(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2 << 20)); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ }()
+ go func() {
+ defer wg.Done()
+ defer r.Close()
+ b := make([]byte, 1 << 20)
+ // This ReadFull will likely be interrupted by a signal,
+ // as the other goroutine spins before writing anything.
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, b); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ // Spin after reading half the data so that the Write
+ // in the other goroutine will likely be interrupted
+ // before it completes.
+ spin()
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, b); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ }()
+}
+
+// testNet tests network operations.
+func testNet(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
+ ln, err := net.Listen("tcp4", "127.0.0.1:0")
+ if err != nil {
+ if errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) || errors.Is(err, syscall.EPROTONOSUPPORT) {
+ return
+ }
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ wg.Add(2)
+ go func() {
+ defer wg.Done()
+ defer ln.Close()
+ c, err := ln.Accept()
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ defer c.Close()
+ cf, err := c.(*net.TCPConn).File()
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ defer cf.Close()
+ if err := syscall.SetNonblock(int(cf.Fd()), false); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ // See comments in testPipe.
+ spin()
+ if _, err := cf.Write(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2 << 20)); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ }()
+ go func() {
+ defer wg.Done()
+ spin()
+ c, err := net.Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ defer c.Close()
+ cf, err := c.(*net.TCPConn).File()
+ if err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ defer cf.Close()
+ if err := syscall.SetNonblock(int(cf.Fd()), false); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ // See comments in testPipe.
+ b := make([]byte, 1 << 20)
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(cf, b); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ spin()
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(cf, b); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ }()
+}
+
+func testExec(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
+ wg.Add(1)
+ go func() {
+ defer wg.Done()
+ if err := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "Nop").Run(); err != nil {
+ log.Fatal(err)
+ }
+ }()
+}
+
+// Nop just sleeps for a bit. This is used to test interrupts while waiting
+// for a child.
+func Nop() {
+ time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/trace/trace_stack_test.go b/src/runtime/trace/trace_stack_test.go
index e3608c6..cfc0419 100644
--- a/src/runtime/trace/trace_stack_test.go
+++ b/src/runtime/trace/trace_stack_test.go
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@
{trace.EvGoSysCall, []frame{
{"syscall.read", 0},
{"syscall.Read", 0},
+ {"internal/poll.ignoringEINTR", 0},
{"internal/poll.(*FD).Read", 0},
{"os.(*File).read", 0},
{"os.(*File).Read", 0},
diff --git a/src/syscall/exec_unix.go b/src/syscall/exec_unix.go
index 0345af4..cb08b70 100644
--- a/src/syscall/exec_unix.go
+++ b/src/syscall/exec_unix.go
@@ -217,7 +217,12 @@
// Read child error status from pipe.
Close(p[1])
- n, err = readlen(p[0], (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&err1)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(err1)))
+ for {
+ n, err = readlen(p[0], (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&err1)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(err1)))
+ if err != EINTR {
+ break
+ }
+ }
Close(p[0])
if err != nil || n != 0 {
if n == int(unsafe.Sizeof(err1)) {
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