Amita, Have you read the book? Better still to visit the place. Do it soon. This part of history is being buried by all kinds of roads and "modern development". Sharing some of what Themis wrote:
THE discovery of any ancient artifact crafted by humans,
be it a stone monument or a hand tool, is a testament
that the area has long been inhabited, and this greatly en-
riches our history and heritage.
Since the publication of the first edition of the book on
Arossim in 2011, several large stone structures – megaliths
– resembling dolmenoid cists, were identified along the rice
fields in Arossim, Cansaulim, Cuelim, and at nearby villages.
These huge stone monuments in various stages of peaceful
ruins are estimated to date to the Neolithic Period, when hu-
mans first settled in this area as agriculturists, having transi-
tioned from a nomadic hunter-gatherer and pastoralist past.
ng, with foreboding signs of a rise in sea level....
Chapter 1 deals with a brief history of the earliest settlers
of this land and how people with superior force subordinated
and ruled over the earlier tribes and races. The large laterite
megaliths along the comunidade rice fields to the east, and
in the neighboring villages of Cansaulim and Cuelim, attest
to the existence of Neolithic tribes (earliest farmers), dating
back to the Iron Age or perhaps earlier.
The three main tribes from more recent history are Gaudé
(or Gauda), Velip and Kunbi – the Gaudés being the largest
majority followed by Velips....
Oldest man-made structures: Megaliths in Arossim
Four unique stone structures exist along an ancient trail
passing through the comunidade paddy fields, starting from
Arossim to the foothills of Cuelim. To the local farmers these
ancient structures are known as dohanim (pl.) (dohannem
– singular) or dovornim and were assumed to have been
erected to enable the tired travelers to rest and refresh at the
nearby pond, by temporarily placing the load off their heads
on these platforms unaided. Presently, many of these are in
ruins and in disuse.
Several interpretations were advanced to explain the ex-
istence of similar stones in other parts of India, before they
were excavated and studied by archeologists. A typical
dovornem seen in Camurlim in the district of Bardez is shown
above. Others, seen in Bardez, also have an adjoining stone
benches.
Professor K. A. Kennedy, Department of Archeology and
Anthropology, Cornell University, on seeing the photograph
of the intact structure still standing in the village of Cuelim,
opined that such megalithic structures resemble dolmenoid
cist or grave markers.
Based on the size and the number of stones lying at the
other sites studied, it appears that all were of similar config-
uration. Such monuments are also seen elsewhere in South-
ern India and other parts of the world. The megalithic granite
dolmens in Kerala have been dated to Iron Age and Neolithic
Period. The worldwide occurrence of such unique structures
points to a common universality in human nature with re-
spect to death and burial.
These prehistoric monuments, erected with dressed la-
terite stones – commonly used stones in Goa - measuring
more than five feet long (from above ground), usually unno-
ticed by the rest of the villagers, acquire special significance
annually on January 6th, the feast day of Three Kings, held at
the Chapel on the hill top of Cuelim.
In the local version of the re-enactment of the Biblical
story, three boys attired in kingly robes, selected from among
the ganvkars of the three contiguous villages, walk in sepa-
rate processions accompanied by a band of musicians, along
the ancient trail and meet at the foot of the hill for a brief rest,
prior to jointly climbing up to the Chapel to present their gifts
at the altar in time for the High Mass....