Hi Harry,
To add to Stephen's answer, I suggest looking at a modern example that uses GLFW 3.1 to load and display a textured cube (if you haven't already seen this one):
It demonstrates how you can load a texture using Go and upload it via gl.TexImage2D. Look at the newTexture func.
Otherwise, yeah, GLFW 3 removed that func with the rationale linked, which is as you guessed. Luckily, Go has support for many image format decoders in standard library (and others are supported via 3rd party libraries):
Hope that helps!