Currently the answer is no. There is in GlowScript VPython the get_library() function that lets you import a JavaScript file, but there isn't a get_data() function. It's not clear what such a function should look like, as data comes in so many different formats. Also, for security reasons, there are severe constraints on what kinds of files can be accessed, from where. It's possible that you might need to use VPython 7 rather than GlowScript VPython, not only due to these structural/security issues but also because full Python provides access to lots of scientific data processing tools.
At
vpython.org, in the "Frequently asked questions" section, the question about "Is there a way to capture VPython graphical output as a movie" my own comments explain what I did with a GlowScript VPython program that needed access to data. It might give you some ideas. The basic idea is to change the data file into a JavasScript program file.
Bruce