Catherine Lovering holds a law degree (LLB) from the University of Victoria. She has been a freelance writer since 2010 writing about health and other people-focused issues. Catherine is currently completing a Philosophy and Psychology combined degree at UBC in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Plus, the walls of your intestines act as an important barrier between your gut and the rest of your body. The intestinal wall serves as a gatekeeper, determining which substances pass through to the bloodstream and organs.
For individuals with celiac disease, gluten can cause diarrhea, stomach pain, excessive gas, and skin rashes. Over time, it can cause damage to the intestines, which impairs their ability to absorb certain nutrients (5, 6).
The symptoms are similar to celiac disease, but without the autoimmune response. People with non-celiac gluten sensitivity may experience diarrhea, bloating, and gas, along with joint pain and brain fog (7).
The topic of gluten remains highly debated. Some medical professionals believe that gluten is harmless unless you have celiac disease. Others claim that gluten is the root cause of all kinds of health conditions and autoimmune disorders.
Zonulin is a protein that regulates the tight junctions of the small intestine. When zonulin is released in the intestines, the tight junctions open slightly and allow larger particles to pass through the intestinal wall (12, 13).
One of these studies found that gluten activated zonulin in cells from individuals with and without celiac disease. However, zonulin levels were much higher in cells from people with celiac disease (14).
One of the keys to improving your gut health and preventing leaky gut syndrome is to improve your gut flora. That means increasing the beneficial bacteria in your gut so they far outnumber the harmful bacteria.
If you think you have symptoms of gluten sensitivity, it may be beneficial to talk with a healthcare professional and consider trying a gluten-free diet. However, before cutting out gluten, keep in mind that testing for celiac disease requires you to be eating a gluten-containing diet.
Cathy Cassata is a freelance writer who specializes in stories about health, mental health, medical news, and inspirational people. She writes with empathy and accuracy and has a knack for connecting with readers in an insightful and engaging way. Cathy contributes regularly to Healthline and Verywell, and she has also been published in HuffPost. Read more of her work here, and connect with her on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
Celiac disease may also be linked to a higher risk of iron deficiency anemia, which affects your ability to produce healthy red blood cells. This can cause several serious side effects, including decreased energy levels and fatigue (7, 8).
People with gluten sensitivity also seem more likely to experience arm and leg numbness. While the exact cause remains unknown, some studies link this symptom to the presence of antibodies related to gluten intolerance (61, 62).
Brain fog is a common symptom of gluten intolerance. In one 2020 study, it affected 48% of participants with non-celiac gluten intolerance. This may be caused by a reaction to certain antibodies in gluten though the exact reason is unknown (51, 63).
Treatment generally involves using epinephrine, a medication injected directly into your skin after the onset of anaphylaxis. However, people who experience anaphylaxis should get emergency medical attention, even if they have self-administered epinephrine (74).
Symptoms of gluten intolerance, wheat allergy, and celiac disease often overlap, making it difficult to identify the condition. The best way to get a diagnosis is to work closely with a doctor for the necessary testing and exam.
Speak with a doctor or dietitian for an accurate diagnosis, which will involve a comprehensive evaluation of your symptoms and potential testing. You can create a diet and lifestyle plan to help control symptoms.
The foods you eat have a big impact on your microbiome, for better or worse. Gluten specifically can cause demonstrable, long-term changes in your gut bacteria, including reducing the amount of certain types of important bacteria in your gut.
Gluten can also affect part of the immune system, 80% of which resides in your gut, called the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). If you are gluten-intolerant or sensitive, the components that gluten is broken down into register with your GALT as a problem, so it signals to your body to create antibodies to fight it.
In another study, which was done on humans, researchers found that people who went on a gluten-free diet for four weeks had significant changes in the types of bacteria in their guts.2 Finally, another study found that even people without sensitivities to gluten may have gastrointestinal symptoms after eating foods containing it.3
Regular exercise is great for your gut. In fact, researchers have found that moving regularly can increase the amount of good bacteria in your gut by 40%!4 To make it even better, do your workout outside. Exposure to soil, animals, and all the other things we tend to wash off as soon as we step in the door can also expose you to lots of great bacteria.
This is actually a good idea whether you think you have a gluten sensitivity or not; an integrative or functional doctor can help you figure out how healthy your gut microbiome is and give you personalized suggestions for making it even healthier.
But you should definitely get in touch if you think you might have a problem with gluten. Ask them if you can get tested for those antibodies that are produced in people with gluten sensitivity: anti-gliadin antibodies, anti-endomysial antibodies, and tTG antibodies, to start with.
Rachel Allen is a writer at Hyperbiotics who's absolutely obsessed with learning about how our bodies work. She's fascinated by the latest research on bacteria and the role they play in health, and loves to help others learn about how probiotics can help the body get back in balance. For more ideas on how you can benefit from the power of probiotics and live healthier days, be sure to subscribe to our newsletter. To learn more about how a healthy microbiome can enrich your life, subscribe to our newsletter.
Celiac disease is a genetic, autoimmune disorder that affects about 1 in 100 people worldwide. People with celiac disease are genetically predisposed to gluten intolerance, and even ingesting a very small amount can lead to severe damage of the small intestine.
Most people wonder if they have celiac disease or a gluten intolerance because of gastrointestinal symptoms like gassiness, diarrhea, constipation or excessive bloating. But other symptoms might not be so obvious. And while gluten intolerance and celiac disease are different, many of the symptoms can be similar. Here are some signs of celiac disease and gluten intolerance you might not be aware of.
Getting a proper diagnosis is the first step toward feeling better and living a healthy life. Diagnosing celiac disease is pretty straight forward. A gastroenterologist will be able to make a diagnosis based on blood tests and a biopsy of the small intestine.
Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten intolerance are managed by following a strict gluten-free diet. And when we say strict, we mean it. No cheat days. For some people, even just eating food that has been cooked or prepared alongside breads or other gluten-heavy foods (even consuming a couple breadcrumbs!) can cause a reaction.
When it comes to alcohol, it is possible to find gluten-free options. For example, beer and whiskey almost always contain gluten, while rum and tequila are almost always gluten-free. Ciders and wines are also usually safe to drink. Be sure to talk with your care provider about your specific situation and health needs, and always drink in moderation.
Now that more people are eating gluten-free out of medical necessity or lifestyle choice, grocery stores, restaurants and recipe books are making gluten-free options more abundant than ever. If you have celiac disease or a serious gluten intolerance, be sure to let servers and friends know your dietary needs. With the right amount of medical care, planning, patience and diligence, celiac disease and gluten intolerance can be managed and controlled.
Thinking of going gluten-free? If you are, you have plenty of company. Interest and enthusiasm around gluten-free diets continues to grow dramatically. You can find plenty of books, diet experts, and advertisements supporting the idea. But does it really improve your health or sense of well-being? Or might it just be a widely amplified health fad?
People with celiac disease have an immune reaction that is triggered by eating gluten. They develop inflammation and damage in their intestinal tracts and other parts of the body when they eat foods containing gluten. Current estimates suggest that up to 1% of the population has this condition. If you do have celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is necessary to eliminate the inflammation and the symptoms. Grocery stores and restaurants routinely offer gluten-free options that rival conventional foods in taste and quality; in years past, it was much harder to maintain a gluten-free diet.
And then there are people described as gluten-sensitive. Their tests for celiac disease are negative (normal), yet whenever they eat food containing gluten, they experience symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, or crampy abdominal pain. One cause is wheat allergy, a disorder that can be diagnosed by skin testing. But for many others, the diagnosis remains uncertain. Some have begun calling this non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity, a poorly defined condition about which we have much to learn.
There is no compelling evidence that a gluten-free diet will improve health or prevent disease if you don't have celiac disease and can eat gluten without trouble. Of course, future research could change this. We may someday learn that at least some people without celiac disease or symptoms of intestinal disease are better off avoiding gluten.