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On June 2, 2022, Atlassian published a security advisory for CVE-2022-26134, a critical unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center. The vulnerability was unpatched when it was published on June 2. As of June 3, both patches and a temporary workaround are available.
All supported versions of Confluence Server and Data Center are affected.
Atlassian updated their advisory on June 3 to reflect that it's likely that all versions (whether supported or not) of Confluence Server and Data Center are affected, but they have yet to confirm the earliest affected version. Organizations should install patches OR apply the workaround on an emergency basis. If you are unable to mitigate the vulnerability for any version of Confluence, you should restrict or disable Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center instances immediately.
CVE-2022-26314 is an unauthenticated and remote OGNL injection vulnerability resulting in code execution in the context of the Confluence server (typically the confluence user on Linux installations). Given the nature of the vulnerability, internet-facing Confluence servers are at very high risk.
Last year, Atlassian Confluence suffered from a different unauthenticated and remote OGNL injection, CVE-2021-26084. Organizations maintaining an internet-facing Confluence or Data Server may want to consider permanently moving access behind a VPN.
Evidence of exploitation can typically be found in access logs because the exploit is stored in the HTTP request field. For example, on our test Confluence (version 7.13.6 LTS), the log file /opt/atlassian/confluence/logs/conf_access_log..log contains the following entry after exploitation:
OgnlValueStack findValue(str) is important as it is the starting point for the OGNL expression to be evaluated. As we can see in the call stack above, TextParseUtil.class invokes OgnlValueStack.findValue when this vulnerability is exploited.
The result is that the attacker-provided URI will be translated into a namespace, which will then find its way down to OGNL expression evaluation. At a high level, this is very similar to CVE-2018-11776, the Apache Struts2 namespace OGNL injection vulnerability. Just a reminder that there is nothing new in this world.
On June 3, 2022, Atlassian directed customers to replace xwork-1.0.3.6.jar with a newly released xwork-1.0.3-atlassian-10.jar. The xwork jars contain the ActionChainResult.class and TextParseUtil.class we identified as the path to OGNL expression evaluation.
Atlassian also added SafeExpressionUtil.class to the xworks jar. SafeExpressionUtil.class provides filtering of unsafe expressions and has been inserted into OgnlValueStack.class in order to examine expressions when findValue is invoked. For example:
Of course, shelling out can be highly risky for attackers if the victim is running some type of threat detection software. Executing in memory only is least likely to get an attacker caught. As an example, we put together a simple exploit that will read /etc/passwd and exfiltrate it to the attacker without shelling out.
Organizations should install patches OR apply the workaround on an emergency basis. If you are unable to mitigate the vulnerability for any version of Confluence, you should restrict or disable Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center instances immediately. We recommend that all organizations consider implementing IP address safelisting rules to restrict access to Confluence.
If you are unable to apply safelist IP rules to your Confluence server, consider adding WAF protection. Based on the details published so far, we recommend adding Java deserialization rules that defend against RCE injection vulnerabilities, such as CVE-2021-26084. For example, see the JavaDeserializationRCE_BODY, JavaDeserializationRCE_URI, JavaDeserializationRCE_QUERYSTRING, and JavaDeserializationRCE_HEADER rules described here.
InsightIDR: Customers should look for alerts generated by InsightIDR's built-in detection rules from systems monitored by the Insight Agent. Alerts generated by the following rules may be indicative of related malicious activity:
tCell: Customers leveraging the Java App Server Agent can protect themselves from exploitation by using the OS Commands block capability. For customers leveraging a Web Server Agent, we recommend creating a block rule for any url path starting with ${ or %24%7B.
June 3, 2022 11:20 AM EDT: This blog has been updated to reflect that all supported versions of Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center are affected, and it's likely that all versions (including LTS and unsupported) are affected, but Atlassian has not yet determined the earliest vulnerable version.
June 3, 2022 3:15 PM EDT: A full technical analysis of CVE-2022-26134 has been added to this blog to aid security practitioners in understanding and prioritizing this vulnerability. A vulnerability check for InsightVM and Nexpose customers is in active development with a release targeted for this afternoon.
Attacker activity targeting on-premise instances of Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center has continued to increase. Organizations that have not yet applied the patch or the workaround should assume compromise and activate incident response protocols in addition to remediating CVE-2022-26134 on an emergency basis.
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Color is the main indicator of value in gemstones. Where as with white diamonds, the less color the more valuable, with colored stones the more vivid pure and bright a color is, the more it is valued. What are we looking for in terms of color? The variations are certainly endless, however a general consensus has been reached that the combination of saturation and intensity in a wide spectrum of hues comprises the top of the gem collectors color pyramid.
Having said that, it is important not to take for granted the lush world of pastels and soft tones that grace our eyes with their gentle caress. Color is certainly a matter of taste. While color remains a subjective "eyes of the beholder" sensation, we assign a rating based on desirability within each gem type. This desirability has its roots in both the trade and in the general marketplace and what is perceived as most desireable in both.
Something to remember about gems in general but particularly colored gems is that clean material is very difficult to find. The formation processes of many gems are so extreme that it it crushes the crystals leaving them small and included. Tsavorite is a classic case of this, and it is very hard indeed to find larger clean pieces. It generally takes several hundred million years for most species of colored gem to form and during that time, the pressure and heat must remain constant for the gems to form. The chances of this happening are slim already but the chances of it happening whilst the surrounding environment remains constant too in terms of the rock not folding to a level that damages the growing crystals or the chemical environment altering is even slimmer. So when it does happen and a clean, pure colored gem is formed it is unusual and truly a gift of nature. Hence, most colored gems do contain inclusions and experts are very aware of the rarity of clean material. Thus, given the overall scarcity of gem material, dealers tend to underplay the clarity factor. In contrast with the world of diamonds experienced colored stone dealers will rarely use loupes to a great extent. The focus is far more directed at the color and brilliance of a gem. Nevertheless, clarity does play a role and certainly a very included gem's appearance and brilliance will be negatively affected. It is thus considered an important value factor but it comes in a far second place to color and does not impact the value system of colored gems to the extent it does with Diamonds.
Rarity is one of the key facets of a gem's value. Why for example, is Amethyst cheaper than Tanzanite? Why is Gold valued so highly? Gems fall very much into the demand-supply of market forces and gems that are highly sought after for their enduring beauty and mystery whilst being hard to come by, command a higher price. Hence, rarity is a key area to consider when buying gems and especially when looking to assemble a collection or buying for investment. The grades above reflect a broad market view of the relative rarity of different gems.
The light source used in gem photography can affect the way a gemstone appears. LGL uses the standard light for colored gemstone and Diamond grading which is the North Daylight standard (approximately 6500 kelvin)
Within each species, each different stone has a variety name allocated to it. So in the examples above, Tanzanite is the blue variety of the species Zoisite, Ruby is the red variety of the species Corundum whilst Sapphire is the blue variety of the species Corundum. Aquamarine is the blue variety of the species Beryl whilst Emerald is the green variety of the species Beryl.
When testing gems, each species has clearly defined physical and chemical characteristics which gemologists can identify using gemological equipment. These clearly and positively identify a particular gemstone as a member of its particular species.
Within each species, each different stone has a variety name allocated to it. So in the examples above, Tanzanite is the blue variety of the species Zoisite, Ruby is the red variety of the species Corundum whilst Sapphire is the blue variety of the species Corundum. Aqumarine is the blue variety of the species Beryl whilst Emerald is the green variety of the species Beryl.
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