Is this in anyone's sights? I've considered the following options:
A) Follow the model of theme(axis.ticks=element_line(...)): Add a theme component named colorbar.ticks of class 'element_line'. I looked at the source for axis tick handling, and I believe such a change is outside my current competence envelope.
B) Simple solution: add several components to theme, which are then used by guide_gengrob.colorbar [ ref.
https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/blob/master/R/guide-colorbar.r#L234]. This is something I could handle via PR.
Specifically, I'm looking at the gpar options {col, lwd} and tick length (currently hard-coded at 1/5 bar width). So, the legend components would be: