'Sadharanikaran' is Indian Theory of Communication

[Bobby Shivyana]

Dear Members, 

Indian theory of communication has roots in 'Sadharanikaran' (common-ness) described in 'Natya Sashtra' believed to have been written by the Sage, Bharata Muni between 200 BC and 200 AD.  This Natya Sashtra is claimed as Panchama Veda (the 5th Veda).

What is common in natya, i.e. 'dance' and the 'communication' is well described in a paper titled "Sadharanikaran Model of Communication" written  and presented by Sri N M Adhikary at the Third International Conference on Conflict Resolution and Peace (New Delhi, 2010 February 3-4). Please see the following link : http://adhikary.wordpress.com/2010/05/23/sadharanikaran-model-of-communication-and-conflict-resolution/

'Indian Theory of Communication' is a Chapter in the Book "Communication, Technology and Development" written by Prof. I.P. Tewari, former Director, IIMC, Delhi and published by Publications Division of GoI, in which the author questions "India lay claim to a theory of communication when no advanced country had a sustainable claim to a communication model. The model of communication was developed only in 1947 by Claude Shannon in association with Warren Weaver and that Communication has its origin in the Latin word communis, which means common". 

Sri Adhikary and Sri Tewari in their writings, argue that the roots of Communication are in 'Sadharanikaran' to prove that 'Indian Theory of Communication' is older than 'western theory of communication' which is merely mechanical and quantitative. 

However, the Aristotelian linear model of communication with elements like 'Speaker-Speech-Audience', appears to be contemporary to Sadharanikaran model of communication.

Let us discuss.

Regards,

--
Y. Babji
098488 12031 & 094408 15222
040-23399207 & 040-23711967
Hyderabad, AP, India

[hari haran]

Dear Mr. Babji Many thanks for the useful information on SMC of Sri S.N.Adhikari and the related 'link' But. While quoting Natya Shastra, may I add that: The Natya Shastra is based upon the much older Gandharva Veda (appendix to Sama Veda) which contained 36000 slokas  Unfortunately there are no surviving copies of the Natya Veda. Though many scholars believe most slokas were transmitted only through the oral tradition, there are scholars who believe that it may have been written by various authors at different times. The document is difficult to date and Bharata's historicity has also been doubted, some authors suggesting that it may be the work of several persons. However, Kapila Vatsyayan has argued that based on the unity of the text, and the many instances of coherent reference of later chapters from earlier text, the composition is likely that of a single person. Whether his/her name really was Bharata is open to question near the end of the text we have the verse: "Since he alone is the leader of the performance, taking on many roles, he is called Bharata", indicating that Bharata may be a generic name. It has been suggested that Bharata is an acronym for the three syllables: bha for bhāva (mood), rā for rāga (melodic framework), and ta for tāla (rhythm). However, in traditional usage Bharata has been iconified as muni or sage, and the work is strongly associated with this personage.-- Source:  google/wikipedia. Regarding Communication: If the story is to be believed - During Sri Krishnadevaraya's Rule, taxes were collected ruthlessly. Taking advantage of this one of the "Collector" was mercilessly collecting the taxes and even resorting to physical abuse of women. The King was not aware of this. Those days "Yakshagana" ( the dance - drama) were very popular. One such troupe depicted the characters of the "Victim" and "Collector" in one of their performances to convey the message to the King. The next day the king summons the "Collector" and beheads him in the open court after preliminary inquiry. The 2000 year old sanskrit drama tradition "Kuttiyatam", performed in Kerala strictly follows 'Natya Shastra' This probably might have inspired "Idea Cellular" when they came out their latest ad., "Bolne ke liye Bhasha ki zaroorat nahi hai"! Regards hariharan --- On Tue, 7/9/10, Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[centum advertising]

very true. Some communication is better understood or felt than heard or read.  Silence can be rewarding as well as intimidating.The power of silence is unimaginable and unquantifiable and can thus spell holocaust and render situations topsy turvy. As communicators we need to understand the nitty gritty of silent communication and prepare ourselves to effectively counter the same.

 

 

cheers

Rakesh Gulati

 

--
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cent...@gmail.com

[Bobby Shivyana]

Yes Major,

According to Communication Scientists, we are like mere switch boards, routing and re-routing the endless current of communication. 

Great people said 'Silence is golden' and that 'Speech is silver'. Silence has power as exhibited by Gautama Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi. Silence is also a mode of communication. Whether inter-personal or intra-personal, there must be some communication because 'nature hates a vacuum' and so do the people. Silence is defined as an absence of speech or noise. It is neither inaction nor failure to communicate. It means someone is thinking or contemplating a response. It can be a signal of agreement or dissent or frustration or anger or anything. Are we not facing this kind of silence, now and then, with spouse and children at home or boss, colleagues & subordinates in office?

Mr Hariharan, 

There is a criticism that Sri Krishna Devaraya, after coming to know through Yakshagana about the 'collectors' of ruthless taxes from all, including the devadasis, he realized that levy of tax on prostitution is easier and resorted to tax this sector heavily, just as the present day Governments depended on liquor trade. Had there not been information to him  through yakshagana, a prominent medium of communication then, he would not have focussed his attention on this.

Therefore, communication,  be it spoken or exhibited, has something to communicate. It is all-pervasive and omni-potent.

Regards, 

[centum advertising]

Very True Mr Babji. Silence can be deafening at times. That is the power of silence. Even nature communicates thru silence. 'Lull before a storm' is a case in point.

 

cheers

 

Rakesh Gulati 

 

[hari haran]

Thanks Mr Babji, it's all pervasive and omnipotent. Be it 'Villu Patu' or 'Burra Katha or by what ever name they are called across the country, unsophisticated simplicity, spontaneity and gaiety are the characteristics of folk arts. The Oral tradition and the Performing arts appear to be the main media of communication. Storytellers, singers, minstrels and other kinds of folk entertainers have acted for centuries as sources for the transmission and dissemination of news and information through face-to-face live communication. Families, social groups and community gatherings served as the main flora of communication and sources for feedback for the folk performers. The values, attitudes, beliefs and culture of the people are propagated, reinforced and perpetuated through these folk forms. The issues in a society are depicted in the form of satire by the folk artists for curing societal evils. Folk media are closer to the lives of rural audience. The countries like India, Bangladesh, China and Indonesia have been used their folk arts forms to communicate development messages for several centuries.With the advent of technology and other faster forms of communicating media, the folk/traditional media have started decaying. At present, the rural audience of India is receiving neither of them in adequate and effective proportion. With the slow disappearance of the folk performing arts and the lack of new mass media in the villages, a kind of communication gap has developed. The traditional media have become more or less ineffective, no other medium is available for communication and even if it is available, the people do not know how to use it. Therefore, it is essential to establish modern communication media with an effective network covering rural areas and also to make use of decaying folk performing arts for communicating the message and disseminating information and knowledge. One may wonder, will it not become "Asadharnikaran and Khateen Model of Communication"?! Regards hariharan

--- On Thu, 9/9/10, Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

From: Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [ gfpr ] 'Sadharanikaran' is Indian Theory of Communication To: gf...@googlegroups.com

Date: Thursday, 9 September, 2010, 12:56 PM

Yes Major, According to Communication Scientists, we are like mere switch boards, routing and re-routing the endless current of communication.

Great people said 'Silence is golden' and that 'Speech is silver'. Silence has power as exhibited by Gautama Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi. Silence is also a mode of communication. Whether inter-personal or intra-personal, there must be some communication because 'nature hates a vacuum' and so do the people. Silence is defined as an absence of speech or noise. It is neither inaction nor failure to communicate. It means someone is thinking or contemplating a response. It can be a signal of agreement or dissent or frustration or anger or anything. Are we not facing this kind of silence, now and then, with spouse and children at home or boss, colleagues & subordinates in office?

http://in.mc955.mail.yahoo.com/mc/welcome?ymv=0#Italic

Mr Hariharan,  There is a criticism that Sri Krishna Devaraya, after coming to know through Yakshagana about the 'collectors' of ruthless taxes from all, including the devadasis, he realized that levy of tax on prostitution is easier and resorted to tax this sector heavily, just as the present day Governments depended on liquor trade. Had there not been information to him  through yakshagana, a prominent medium of communication then, he would not have focussed his attention on this. Therefore, communication,  be it spoken or exhibited, has something to communicate. It is all-pervasive and omni-potent. Regards,

On Wed, Sep 8, 2010 at 4:52 PM, hari haran <hari3_h...@yahoo.co.in> wrote:

Dear Mr. Babji Many thanks for the useful information on SMC of Sri S.N.Adhikari and the related 'link' But. While quoting Natya Shastra, may I add that: The Natya Shastra is based upon the much older Gandharva Veda (appendix to Sama Veda) which contained 36000 slokas  Unfortunately there are no surviving copies of the Natya Veda. Though many scholars believe most slokas were transmitted only through the oral tradition, there are scholars who believe that it may have been written by various authors at different times.

The document is difficult to date and Bharata's historicity has also been doubted, some authors suggesting that it may be the work of several persons. However, Kapila Vatsyayan has argued that based on the unity of the text, and the many instances of coherent reference of later chapters from earlier text, the composition is likely that of a single person. Whether his/her name really was Bharata is open to question near the end of the text we have the verse: "Since he alone is the leader of the performance, taking on many roles, he is called Bharata", indicating that Bharata may be a generic name. It has been suggested that Bharata is an acronym for the three syllables: bha for bhāvarā for rāga (melodic framework), and ta for tāla (rhythm). However, in traditional usage Bharata has been iconified as muni or sage, and the work is strongly associated with this personage.-- Source:  google/wikipedia. (mood),

[hari haran]

Maj. Gulati, I wonder. in the changing scenario, Can Silence be deafening? The 'Current generation' is capable of detecting the 'Fire' before it could emit 'Smoke'! Should one not be vociferous to make his/her presence felt and 'voices' heard as well? Regards hariharan --- On Thu, 9/9/10, centum advertising <cent...@gmail.com> wrote:

From: centum advertising <cent...@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [ gfpr ] 'Sadharanikaran' is Indian Theory of Communication To: gf...@googlegroups.com

[Shivrup Tiwari]

Many thanks to Dear Hariharan and  Babji for this excellent information. I am extremely grateful to Gfpr Google group for sharing the knowledge of many Very knowledgeable professional communicators. My best regards to all   Shivrup Tiwari              -------Original Message-------

[hari haran]

Dear Mr. Shivrup Tiwari Many Thanks for your 'Bright and beautiful Yellow rose (without thorn) compliment'. But... A Disclaimer: I am not 'at par' with Mr. Babji - A true 'Knowledgeable Professional Communicator'. I only convey the 'gathered' information from various sources. Regards hariharan --- On Fri, 10/9/10, Shivrup Tiwari <shiv...@gmail.com> wrote:

[centum advertising]

Yes Mr Hari haran but i am not referring to silent communication capabilty of all and sundry. On the flip side at times someone shouting at the top of his voice is also not heard. So it is the degree of acceptablity and synergy between the communicator and the recepient that decides whether the communication is effective or otherwise. Does that clear the point?

 

cheers

 

Rakesh Gulati     

 

[Bobby Shivyana]

Dear Members,

Communication is not only all-pervasive or omni-potent but also believed to be the 'first' in the process of creation. Therefore, communicators compare "communication" with that of God and also compare  "Noise" with that of God's Adversary. 

Consider these statements about the origin of 'Communication' according to different religions.

According to Hinduism that originated from vedic culture of South-east Asia, "In the beginning there was Om".  'Om' is audial and represents 'word of mouth' communication because 'written word' of communication was not born when Hinduism was shaping up.

According to Christianity that was born in Central Asia, "first there was the word of God", referring to Bible. 'Word' means a written word.  Religions like Christianity, Jainism & Buddhism etc have come into being only after several languages with their scripts have developed to a greater extent.

While so, with little variations, 'common-ness' is found across several religions. We know it as interpolation.

See this -

"This was the form of the fish, taken up by Vishnu during a deluge that submerged the earth. Matsya is generally represented as a four-armed figure with the upper torso of a man and the lower of a fish. According to a legend, Vishnu commanded a rishi to gather together samples of all species and wait in a boat. The gigantic golden fish then dragged the boat through the deluge and then enabled Brahma to start the act of creation all over again."

This is in no way different from the story of "Noah's Ark" found in Old Testament of the Bible in which God instructs Noah to build an Ark (ship) and gather all samples of life into it when there was a total deluge for re-creating the world.  After the deluge is over, the ship lands on Mt. Ararat and the life spreads once again, afresh.

Whatever be the history or religion, Common-ness & Communication are primordial to life on earth.

Regards,

[hari haran]

Yes. Maj. Gulati, absolutely clear! Even I intend to express/convey the same - degree of acceptability. Sometimes louder than required. Because at times 'silence' sends a different meaning altogether! Regards hariharan

[hari haran]

Dear Mr. Babji You have given an elaborate and informative explanation of "common-ness & communication". First it was word of mouth then the written word. Then the scripts and languages that helped in interpretation and transcription etc. Now with the development of different languages, new words and dialects, I feel, there is a need to make 'noise' slightly louder than required for effective communication and make one's presence felt and voices heard. Regards hariharan.

--- On Thu, 16/9/10, Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

From: Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [ gfpr ] 'Sadharanikaran' is Indian Theory of Communication To: gf...@googlegroups.com

Date: Thursday, 16 September, 2010, 4:54 PM

Dear Members, Communication is not only all-pervasive or omni-potent but also believed to be the 'first' in the process of creation. Therefore, communicators compare "communication" with that of God and also compare  "Noise" with that of God's Adversary.  Consider these statements about the origin of 'Communication' according to different religions. According to Hinduism that originated from vedic culture of South-east Asia, "In the beginning there was Om".  'Om' is audial and represents 'word of mouth' communication because 'written word' of communication was not born when Hinduism was shaping up. According to Christianity that was born in Central Asia, "first there was the word of God", referring to Bible. 'Word' means a written word.  Religions like Christianity, Jainism & Buddhism etc have come into being only after several languages with their scripts have developed to a greater extent. While so, with little variations, 'common-ness' is found across several religions. We know it as interpolation.

See this - "This was the form of the fish, taken up by Vishnu during a deluge that submerged the earth. Matsya is generally represented as a four-armed figure with the upper torso of a man and the lower of a fish. According to a legend, Vishnu commanded a rishi to gather together samples of all species and wait in a boat. The gigantic golden fish then dragged the boat through the deluge and then enabled Brahma to start the act of creation all over again." This is in no way different from the story of "Noah's Ark" found in Old Testament of the Bible in which God instructs Noah to build an Ark (ship) and gather all samples of life into it when there was a total deluge for re-creating the world.  After the deluge is over, the ship lands on Mt. Ararat and the life spreads once again, afresh. Whatever be the history or religion, Common-ness & Communication are primordial to life on earth. Regards,

On Thu, Sep 16, 2010 at 3:48 PM, centum advertising <cent...@gmail.com> wrote:

[P B Raghavendra Rao]

Dear Acharya Babji Your analysis about 'Aum' and its inception with the creation of this earth is intersting to hear. However the entire Vedas have been unwritten but successfully been continued since millennium thr' oral recitsations.This way the Sadharanikaran concept was highly maintained in the ancient days of our continent thr' 'tongue to tongue' flow with a Guru Sishya parampara. P.B.Raghavendra Rao --- On Thu, 16/9/10, hari haran <hari3_h...@yahoo.co.in> wrote: