Krishnadevaraya

[hari haran]

Dear All   The 5th centenary of 'coronation' of Krishnadevaraya is being celeberated all over the state. It is supposed to be 9th of August, so the whole year is dedicated to celebrate the emperor's achievements, his military exploits,and also his contribution to Telugu culture and literature. We all claim him as 'Telugu  man' because he wrote the well known 'prabandha'  'Amukta Malayada' in Telugu, Vijaynagaram is in AP and major parts of present day Andhra pradesh were under his rule. Now that we got the official Ancient language status for our language, there is nothing wrong in branding him as a Telugu man.   If one may go through the history of AP., Kakatiya rule came to a close in 1324 and Vijayanagar rule established in 1336. Under Kakatiya's glorious rule all the 3 regions of present day Andhra pradesh , probably for the first time in history,  were united. The rulars of Kakatiya took a lot of interest in irrigational activities, which Vijaynagar rulars barrowed later.  But under Krishnadevaraya's rule (who belonged to 'Tuluva' Dynasty) only Rayalseema and coastal Andhra regions were parts of his kingdom. Telengana region never constituted a part of Vijaynagar kingdom, though Krishnadevaraya came upto Khammam  Nalgonda and Deverkonda. Apart from the fact there still exists a controversy about his birth and nativity, he belonged to Tuluva Dynasty, Tuluva is in south Karnataka and Humpi was the major town of his kingdom and so people of Karnataka claim him as a 'Kanadiga' Interestingly, Amukta Malayada is about ' Goda devi'  a story from Tamil nadu written by a Kanadiga in Telugu! Therefore, Historians say he belongs to the entire south India. A great rular. known for his diplomacy and state craft. He was a secular king. His conflict with Bahmani kingdoms and Bijapur Sultans were not a religious conflict but was for the fertile rich of 'Tunga Bhadra doab' or Raichur doab which is in between Bahamni kingdom and Vijaynagar kingdom and for the control over 'Marathwada'  for foriegn trade. . During his rule he provided a lot of irrigational facilities with the help of European engineers and  in the process he was getting a lot of revenue by way taxation and therefore the economic conditions were very good. These are all,according to historians, are there in 'inscriptions'.   Krishnadevaraya   was a great poet, musicians, and he patronised many poets.he was a great builder, constructed many "Rayagopurams"etc.   But according to Prof. Ramakrishna, a retd. prof. of History, university of Hyderabad,  when we assess a rular, one has to be objective. It was a medieval period - a period of absolute monarchy. He was a despotic rular who could behead a person in an open court. If the story is to be beleived he blinded one of his ministers - the minister who was responsible his becoming "the king".The enlightment however was that he was concerned about people. The silverlining was the "cultural grandeuer". He took care of the welfare of people. We are blinded by his cultural grandeur and forget about the other aspects. He was a despotic rular - "an enlightened despotic rular". Western political scientists have come out with a concept of "Oriental despotic rular" because Indian kings right from Ashoka were concerned about the welfare of the people. We remember krishnadevaraya to emulate positive good things and not the despotic rule. He is a great inspiration to Telugu literature, Art and Architecture.   Regards   hariharan

[geeta]

Thank you for providing a deep insight into the rule and life of Krishnadevaraya. Further it shows that our rulers had welfare states right from medieval age.

 

Geeta Mallikarjunan

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[Bobby Shivyana]

Dear Hariharan,

Small correction.  Vizianagaram is in north-coastal Andhra Pradesh, once under the dynasty of  Kalingas and Gajapathi empires of Orissa. But, this Vijayanagara is Hampi-Vijayanagara near Hospet in Karnataka on the Banks of River Thungabhadra. Hampi was the birthplace of Sri Krishnadevaraya and the headquarters of Vijayanagara empire.

The rule of Krishna Devaraya is known as a golden age of Telugu, Tamil, Kannada (& his own tongue Tulu).  Therefore one of his titles are Mooru Rayara Ganda, king of three kings, indicating three areas of South. His Asta Dik Gajas, the Eight Elephant-like giant poets, including the court-poet, surrounded by him in all the Eight directions and the Poetess Molla indicate his service to Language & Literature.  This King was cruel and at the same time benevolent. The Vijayanagara empire that lasted for 3 centuries prevented extension of Sultanates in southern India. 

But there was a dispute for some time, between Tamil Nadu and AP arising out of his Empire in which TN claimed Tirupati and AP claimed Chennapatnam.

This is said to be because of this reason. When Sri Ranga Raya VI was the ruler of Vijayanagara Empire, Chandragiri Fort (near Tirupati) was under the administrative control of Vijayanagara Empire. Damerla Venkatadri Nayakudu, the Nayak of Vandavasi was under the control of Chandragiri. The area from Wandiwash to Madras was under Damerla Venkatadri Nayakudu who then named another small town near Madrasapattinam as Chennapattinam, in remembrance of his father Damerla Chennappa Nayakudu.   

Regards,

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[hari haran]

Many thanks Mr. Babji for the correction and for providing more information about Krishnadevaraya and Vijayanagar empire. May I further add that the glory of Vijaynagar empire was not entirely to the credit of Krishnadevaraya. There were at least 2  important kings before Sri Krishnadevaraya -  Devaraya II and Veera Narasimharaya of Saluva dynasty who laid the foundation for the glory of Vijaynagar empire  A  parallel comparison can be observed with the 'Guptas'. Samundragupta was the main empire builder but the 'golden age' as per the historians was  during Chandragupta II who came after Samundragupta.. Chandragupta II conquered only Marwa and Gujarat  whereas, Samundragupta  conquered the whole of north India. Krishnadevaraya rule was for 2 decade only. He died at the age 40 in 1529 when he was at the peak of his political career.  Without undermining the significant contribution of Sri Krishnadevaraya, the glory of 'Vijayanagaram' was through people's cooperation and because of the sound social and economic condition prevailing at that time.There were 30 to 40 types of  taxes during his period including tax on 'Beggary', tax on Barbers, and taxes on almost every thing. It is also important that the legacy of Krishnacevaraya has to be properly assessed in the context of: a) the general historical conditions that were prevailing in the country at that time. 16th century is a very significant because in 1526 Baber comes to India, wins the 1st  battle of Panipat. This is very important because the Delhi Sultanates comes to a close and the glorious Mughal era begins.. In 1509 Krshnadevaraya (17 years before) becomes the ruler of Vijayanagar . Secondly, during that period  Portuguese who came as traders were allowed to establish colonies to isolate Bijapur Sultans who were a mighty power to reckon with during that period, on the understanding that the Portuguese will give him excellent horses in return. Had Krishnadevaraya not allowed Portuguese to settle in Goa,  would India have become a colonial power?  This is the ifs & buts of history!. As regards the Asta Dik Gajas, according to some historians, there  exists a controversy whether there were 8 poets or 5 poets.  Regards hariharan --- On Tue, 3/8/10, Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

[P B Raghavendra Rao]

Dear Acharya Babji   Your narration of the historical facts and the exhaustive historical information about the Vijayanagar empire and that of the great Emperor Sri Krishna Deva Raya are very interesting. Been a student of history till my post graduation I am happy to stroll on the lanes and by-lanes of the memories of a part of  history. You people are worth admirable having sharp knowledge in matters other than the routine PR in these mails providing good inputs. Few Krishna Deva Rayas and Shivajis now and then during the madeival period our country's destiny perhaps would have been different as what it is to day. Hari Hara Raya and Bukka Raya who were said to have spiritual powers fore saw a longer period for this dynasty, at the time of inception itself, which they felt would l provide all smiles in every sphere and the  choice of the capital was said to be on vaastu and strategic lines to combat the then gowing and anticipated expansionist ambitions of the Bahamanis into the deeper south. Vijayanagar dynasty, indeed, was the best of the monarchies that India had the fortune to to feel proud of.   I complement for the observations on the subject by both of you.   Regards.  P.B.Raghavendra Rao 8008123929

--- On Tue, 3/8/10, Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> wrote:

From: Bobby Shivyana <bobby.s...@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [ gfpr ] Krishnadevaraya To: gf...@googlegroups.com Date: Tuesday, 3 August, 2010, 4:11 PM

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