getAxes()
Gets an object with the axes. The axes are returned as the attributes of the object, so for instance getAxes().xaxis is the x axis.
Various things are stuffed inside an axis object, e.g. you could use getAxes().xaxis.ticks to find out what the ticks are for the xaxis. Two other useful attributes are p2c and c2p, functions for transforming from data point space to the canvas plot space and back. Both returns values that are offset with the plot offset. Check the Flot source code for the complete set of attributes (or output an axis with console.log() and inspect it).
With multiple axes, the extra axes are returned as x2axis, x3axis, etc., e.g. getAxes().y2axis is the second y axis. You can check y2axis.used to see whether the axis is associated with any data points and y2axis.show to see if it is currently shown.