Pascal,
Interesting problem. If the amount of customization is small, it
might be easier (in the short term) to use the existing Android Studio and
Java environment.
If in the long term Xamarin and C# is a requirement you could look at the
integration techniques lists in
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/android/platform/java-integration/
But those could involve a lot of effort. You may be better off looking at
your functional requirements and writing your own app in C#.
Similarly, I'm faced with needing an Android and iOS app so I'm looking at
using Cordova/Phonegap with Javascript. While I doubt if I'll be able to
use a MapsForge library for offline maps, local device caching of map tiles
may be a solution. There could be other problems like performance, so
prototyping is necessary...
Best Regards,
Brent Fraser