Re: [geo] Digest for geoengineering@googlegroups.com - 1 update in 1 topic

[Yodawatt Yodawatt]

The so-called "plain language" summary is NOT clear, but uses terminology intended for experts in the field. They did not make clear whether  or which their results are to be considered good, or bad.

Regards,

Steve

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Yottawatt is a large unit of power, a trillion Terawatts (TW). The Sun 

puts out about 385 Yottawatts. The excess heating Earth is experiencing 

is over 400 Terawatts extra heat energy being trapped. That 400 grows, 

constantly increasing as greenhouse gases are continually dumped into 

our atmosphere and accumulating. That 400 billion kilowatts is enough 

heat to melt over 1 trillion grams, or nearly 2.5 billion pounds of ice per 

second, every second of every day. Much of the ice being melted is on 

land. When it melts, it causes sea level to rise, and depletes fresh water 

reserves of an already-thirsty planet. When ice melts away, then even 

more heat is trapped. Now compare: Humanity's total combined uses 

of power, from all sources, is about 16 TW. That is single-use energy. 

So in a sense, Humanity's energy efficiency is a pathetic 4%.

For our momentary use of that energy, Earth goes on paying the price

in excess heat for centuries, surely the picture of unsustainable.

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To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from 

a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance 

in science. -- Albert Einstein 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

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Subject: [geo] Digest for geoengi...@googlegroups.com - 1 update in 1 topic

 

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• Perturbation of Tropical Stratospheric Ozone Through Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemistry Due To Pinatubo - 1 Update

Perturbation of Tropical Stratospheric Ozone Through Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemistry Due To Pinatubo

Geoengineering News <geoengine...@gmail.com>: Sep 01 04:51PM +0500 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GL103773   *Authors* Yifeng Peng, Pengfei Yu, Robert W. Portmann, Karen H. Rosenlof, Jiankai Zhang, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Jiangtao Li, Wenshou Tian   *First published: 18 August 2023*   https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103773   *Abstract* The Pinatubo eruption in 1991 injected 10–20 Tg SO2 into the stratosphere, which formed sulfate aerosols through oxidation. Our modeling results show that volcanic heating significantly perturbs the heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry including NOx and HOx catalytic cycles in the tropical stratosphere. The simulated tropical chemical ozone tendency is positive at 20 mb while negative at 10 mb in the tropics. The simulated ozone chemical tendency is of the same magnitude as the dynamical ozone tendency caused by the accelerated tropical upwelling, but with the opposite sign. Our study finds that the tropical ozone chemical tendency due to homogeneous chemistry becomes more important than heterogeneous chemistry 3 months after eruption. Sensitivity simulations further suggest that the tropical ozone tendency through heterogeneous chemistry is saturated when the injected amount exceeds 2 Tg.   *Key Points* The simulated ozone tendency due to chemistry is of the same order of magnitude but of the opposite sign than that due to dynamics   The chemistry-driven change in the tropical ozone tendency is dominated by the gas-phase rather than heterogeneous chemistry   The ozone tendency change due to heterogeneous chemistry is saturated when the injected SO2 amount exceeds 2 Tg   *Plain Language Summary* In 1991, a large volcanic eruption injected 10–20 Tg SO2 into the stratosphere and perturbed the stratospheric chemistry and dynamics. In this study, we use a climate model to quantify the chemical and dynamical influence of the volcano on tropical stratospheric ozone. Model suggests that the ozone chemical tendency is positive around 28 km while negative around 35 km. Our study also suggests that both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions contribute to the ozone anomalies. With sensitivity studies, we show that the tropical ozone changes due to heterogeneous chemistry is saturated if the injected amount exceeds 2 Tg.   *Source: AGU*

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