AGU26 Sessions Relevant to Solar Geoengineering
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Atmospheric chemistry in the fire plume
Vegetation fires emit large quantities of trace gases and aerosols, which influence atmospheric composition as well as the chemical and physical processes that reshape air quality and the climate system. For example, the photochemically reactive compounds in wildfire, agricultural or prescribed burning smoke plumes can enhance tropospheric ozone to have significant impacts on air quality at local and downwind locations. Fire-generated aerosol particles can also impact radiation and provide surfaces for heterogeneous processes that modify the chemistry. The goal of this session is to solicit recent studies that advance our understanding and interpretation of atmospheric chemical and physical processes occurring in fire emission plumes as well as their consequences on air quality, climate, and health under the changing fire regimes we see in many parts of the world. We invite presentations covering small- to large-scale studies and involving computational modeling and/or measurements.
Advances in Climate Engineering Science: Benefits, Risks, and Uncertainties
As the window to stop catastrophic climate change narrows, proposals to deliberately modify the climate system by reflecting sunlight to reduce the impacts of global warming (Solar Radiation Management or SRM) have received increasing attention. Proposed methods of SRM include stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine cloud brightening (MCB), cirrus or mixed-phase cloud thinning, and surface- or space-based albedo modifications. While SRM interventions could have substantial benefits, significant risks and uncertainties remain. We welcome contributions that advance natural science research in SRM, including: physical and chemical processes and mechanisms; climate and ecosystem impacts; predictive modeling, engineering and field experiments; observations and natural analogues; and risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. We also encourage interdisciplinary studies that connect climate impacts with various fields such as the social sciences, political analysis, ethics, and governance, and we particularly encourage submissions from underrepresented communities or those who may be disproportionately affected by climate change.
Constraining Climate Intervention Impacts Using Observations Following Natural Analogs and Laboratory Experiments
Solar radiation modification (SRM), including stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), has been proposed as a temporary measure to limit surface warming while mitigation efforts scale up. Research activity, funding, and commercial interest in SRM are increasing rapidly, heightening the need to understand its potential impact on human and natural systems. Insights into SRM impacts can be gained from existing datasets following natural SRM analog events (e.g., volcanic eruptions, wildfire smoke, and climatic variability) and laboratory experiments. Such observations can also be used to better constrain and evaluate SRM model simulations. This cross?disciplinary session invites contributions that leverage observations from SRM analog events or laboratory studies to assess surface?level impacts. These include, but are not limited to
- observed impacts from SRM analogs
- investigation of underlying physical, chemical, or biological processes-level impact drivers under SRM conditions
- characterization of uncertainties in projecting SRM outcomes
- observation–model comparisons that improve model representation of SRM?relevant processes
Toward a Process-Level Understanding of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection.
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) aims to introduce aerosols (or their precursors) into the stratosphere to reflect solar radiation and cool the Earth. Its feasibility and impacts depend on processes spanning scales from plume microphysics to global climate. We invite contributions that advance process-level understanding of SAI through numerical (or data-driven) modeling, laboratory experiments, and ambient observations. We welcome studies: (1) modeling aerosol processes from near-field plume to global scales, including Lagrangian/plume/contrail modeling, large-eddy simulations, computational fluid dynamics, improved parameterizations (e.g., turbulence, solid aerosols), high-resolution GCMs/downscaling; (2) Laboratory experiments on sulfate and alternative aerosols under stratospheric conditions, including heterogeneous chemistry, microphysics, radiative properties, and ice nucleation; (3) Observational constraints from background stratosphere and natural analogs, like volcanic eruptions, pyroCb events, monsoon convection. We also welcome studies elucidating mechanisms governing SAIÂ’s climatic impacts, including interactions with clouds (mixed-phase or cirrus), atmospheric circulation and climate, as well as associated uncertainties, feedbacks, and sensitivities.
Aerosol Climate Intervention: From Fundamental Processes to Global Impacts
Solar radiation modification (SRM) approaches — including stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine cloud brightening (MCB), mixed-phase cloud thinning (MCT), and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT) — are receiving growing scientific attention as potential strategies to offset the positive radiative forcing effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Assessing their feasibility and risks requires understanding the processes governing aerosol microphysical and chemical evolution and liquid, mixed-phase, and ice cloud response to aerosols across diverse atmospheric regimes. This session invites contributions spanning process-level understanding to large-scale assessments, and studies identifying key observational and modeling gaps, including but not limited to:
- Detailed analyses of processes that determine aerosol composition, optical properties, and cloud interactions
- Observational constraints on aerosols and cloud processes from laboratory, field, and remote sensing studies
- Process-level, high-resolution (e.g., cloud-resolving), and global-scale modeling of aerosol-based interventions
- Feedbacks and downstream consequences of SRM, such as on atmospheric chemistry and regional climate
Assessing SRM Impacts on Ocean Systems: What Can Existing Tools Tell Us and What Do We Need Next?
Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) research has expanded rapidly, from global approaches to those targeted at local scales. Yet SRM effects on ocean processes, extremes, and marine ecosystems remain underexplored. We invite submissions on existing work or new ideas that examine SRM influences or impacts on (i) large-scale physical circulation or carbon uptake (ii) biogeochemical, light and temperature conditions, and/or ecosystem responses, (iii) marine heatwaves as a targeted or secondary outcome, or (iv) interactions between SRM and mCDR as they relate to efficacy of either and their impact to ecosystems. We also invite abstracts that consider elements to support any future work on this topic: (i) introducing datasets or approaches that could offer a foundation for future studies including analogues (e.g. shipping) or (ii) highlighting opportunities to better connect SRM and ocean science communities. This cross-disciplinary session will identify next steps for research on SRM impacts on ocean systems.
Research and Emerging Approaches to Slow the Loss of the Cryosphere Through Mitigation and Targeted Interventions
Global warming and accelerating loss of sea ice, glaciers, ice shelves, and permafrost raise the risk of crossing global tipping points, with cascading impacts on ecosystems, communities, and global climate. Even with deep emissions cuts and carbon removal, near-term cryosphere trajectories may not avoid critical thresholds, motivating interest in research into interventions to slow or reverse ice loss. This session invites submissions that investigate proposed approaches to slow ice loss: including, but not limited to, carbon or methane reduction or removal, ecosystem protection, ice management, solar radiation modification, surface albedo modification, stabilization techniques, black carbon or wildfire management, and others. The session welcomes speakers that cover the current state and potential of approaches, social and environmental risks and co-benefits, or governance considerations. This session is intended to create a space for open, inclusive, respectful, and transparent discussion.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Slowdown/Shutdown: Likelihood, Consequences, Response Options
The slowdown or shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is widely considered a potential tipping point in EarthÂ’s climate system, with potentially catastrophic consequences. This interdisciplinary session examines questions spanning climate physics, climate impacts, and response options:
- How likely is an AMOC slowdown or shutdown under different climate pathways, and how well can we predict its timing and magnitude?
- What physical climate changes would result, and how would these affect humans and natural ecosystems?
- What strategies, including adaptation, mitigation, and climate intervention, might reduce risk or ameliorate consequences?
- How can we improve monitoring and prediction of AMOC slowdown?
- How can we improve predictions of its impacts?
- How can we better understand societal and ecological consequences, and possible adaptive responses?
- What research could provide more confidence regarding whether proposed interventions, such as ice-sheet stabilization or solar geoengineering, could reduce AMOC-related risks?
Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Interactions with Clouds, Radiation, and Climate
Atmospheric aerosols are formed, transformed, transported, and removed through complex physicochemical processes, and they strongly influence weather and climate through interactions with clouds, radiation, and precipitation. In turn, meteorology and climate shape aerosol sources, properties, budgets, and lifecycles. These interactions are especially important during extreme events and in rapidly changing environments. We welcome theoretical, observational, experimental, modeling, and data-driven studies that advance understanding of aerosols and aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate interactions across scales, from process-level understanding to Earth system prediction. Topics include: (1) Aerosol sources, formation, evolution, and removal. (2) Aerosol processes affecting radiation and clouds, including new-particle formation and growth, cloud condensation and ice nucleation, multiphase chemistry, optical properties, and mixing state. (3) Interactions among aerosols, radiation, liquid-, mixed-, and ice-phase clouds, and precipitation. (4) Emerging observational and data-driven constraints, including laboratory studies, field observations, remote sensing, and machine learning. (5) Impacts and feedbacks involving weather, climate, and air quality.
Advances in Weather Modification and Regional Hydroclimate Intervention
This session focuses on advances in the science of weather modification and related limited-area climate interventions for precipitation enhancement, with emphasis on modeling, observations, process studies, and field experiments. We invite contributions addressing cloud seeding for rainfall enhancement, snowfall augmentation, hail suppression, fog dissipation, and other targeted atmospheric interventions, as well as regional-scale approaches that influence local hydroclimate through land–atmosphere feedbacks, landform modification, surface property changes, or boundary-layer processes. Topics may include cloud microphysics, aerosol–cloud interactions, cloud susceptibility, numerical modeling across scales, radar and satellite observations, laboratory studies of seeding materials, field campaign design, verification and attribution methods, autonomous platforms, and the physical basis for regional hydroclimate modification. The session aims to bring together researchers working on operational weather modification, emerging intervention concepts, and observational and modeling tools needed to rigorously evaluate efficacy, impacts, and limitations.
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