Strong light absorption by sp2 hybridized carbon impurities in diamond dust

[Geoengineering News]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850226000261

Authors: Joshin Kumar, Gwan-Yeong Jung, Taveen S. Kapoor, Rohan Mishra, Rajan K. Chakrabarty

11 March 2026

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2026.106767

Highlights

•Strongly scattering diamond dust is proposed for Solar Radiation Management.

•Economical detonation synthesis introduces >5% sp2 hybridized carbon impurities.

•Density Functional Theory revealed a range of highly light-absorbing impurities.

•Trace impurities on diamond particles introduce shortwave absorption.

•Impurities decrease diamond's scattering by up to 25%, questioning its efficacy.

Abstract

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) using diamond dust has been proposed as a solar radiation management (SRM) technique to mitigate global warming by scattering incoming solar radiation, offering advantages over sulfur-based aerosols such as reduced ozone depletion and acid rain risks. However, detonation synthesis—the most economical method for large-scale nanodiamond production—inevitably introduces sp2-hybridized carbonaceous impurities, often forming shells around diamond cores, which may enhance shortwave absorption and undermine SRM efficacy. This study employs density functional theory and ab-initio molecular dynamics to model these impurities across hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios from 0.0 to 1.0, revealing a continuum of optical properties in which decreasing sp2 content reduces the imaginary refractive index (k). Particle-scale core-shell Mie scattering simulations at 550 nm for diamond cores of 300 nm diameter with carbonaceous impurity shells (1.95 + ki refractive index, shell thickness of ∼0.1–10 nm corresponding to 0.1–10% impurity mass fraction) show that these impurities elevate the effective mass absorption coefficient to up to ∼1 m2/g—nearly 15% that of black carbon (∼7.5 m2/g)—and decrease single-scattering albedo by up to 25% relative to pure diamond. These absorption enhancements, driven by the impurity shell's k and mass fraction, could shift diamond dust's radiative forcing toward warming. Our findings highlight the critical need to revisit diamond's efficacy as an SAI candidate material.

Source: ScienceDirect