Solar radiation modification: Policy briefing by the Royal Society
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Renaud de RICHTER
Nov 5, 2025, 10:35:57 AM (4 days ago) Nov 5
to geoengineering
Solar radiation modification: Policy briefing
Issued: October 2025 DES9201_1ISBN: 978-1-78252-803-6
© The Royal Society
Contents
Abbreviations 5
Executive summary 6
Chapter 1: What is Solar Radiation Modification and why is it of current interest? 10
1.1 Climate interventions 13
1.2 Briefing focus 14
1.3 Introduction to SRM techniques 15
1.4 Synopsis 16
Chapter 2: SRM basic science and scenarios 18
2.1 The basic science of SRM 18
2.2 Idealised scenarios of SRM deployment 19
Chapter 3: What are the different SRM techniques? 26
3.1 Main SRM techniques 26
3.2 Other SRM techniques 36
3.3 Estimated costs of different SRM techniques 38
Chapter 4: How accurately can we understand the effects of SRM? 40
4.1 Stratospheric Aerosol Injection 40
4.2 Marine cloud brightening 44
Chapter 5: How effective could SRM techniques be at cooling the planet,
and in what timeframes? 48
5.1 Effective radiative forcing due to SRM 48
5.2 Impact of SRM on surface temperature 51
5.3 Detectability of the effects of SRM 52
5.4 Effects of cessation of SRM 56
Chapter 6: What are the key risks and effects on regional climate from the use of SRM? 59
6.1 Regional temperature 59
6.2 Regional precipitation 64
6.3 Stratospheric ozone 70
6.4 Modes of variability 71
6.5 Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation 74
6.6 Sea level rise 75
Abbreviations 5
Executive summary 6
Chapter 1: What is Solar Radiation Modification and why is it of current interest? 10
1.1 Climate interventions 13
1.2 Briefing focus 14
1.3 Introduction to SRM techniques 15
1.4 Synopsis 16
Chapter 2: SRM basic science and scenarios 18
2.1 The basic science of SRM 18
2.2 Idealised scenarios of SRM deployment 19
Chapter 3: What are the different SRM techniques? 26
3.1 Main SRM techniques 26
3.2 Other SRM techniques 36
3.3 Estimated costs of different SRM techniques 38
Chapter 4: How accurately can we understand the effects of SRM? 40
4.1 Stratospheric Aerosol Injection 40
4.2 Marine cloud brightening 44
Chapter 5: How effective could SRM techniques be at cooling the planet,
and in what timeframes? 48
5.1 Effective radiative forcing due to SRM 48
5.2 Impact of SRM on surface temperature 51
5.3 Detectability of the effects of SRM 52
5.4 Effects of cessation of SRM 56
Chapter 6: What are the key risks and effects on regional climate from the use of SRM? 59
6.1 Regional temperature 59
6.2 Regional precipitation 64
6.3 Stratospheric ozone 70
6.4 Modes of variability 71
6.5 Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation 74
6.6 Sea level rise 75
Chapter 7: What are the risks of SRM on components of the Earth System,
relative to the risks of climate change without SRM? 79
7.1. Introduction 79
7.2 The terrestrial biosphere 79
7.2.1 Global Net Primary Productivity 79
7.2.3 Crops 83
7.2.4 Wildfires 84
7.3 The marine biosphere 85
7.4 The cryosphere 87
Chapter 8: An overview of SRM governance – recent developments,
governance principles, and practical challenges 90
8.1 International and domestic governance efforts 91
8.2 Voluntary research governance principles 92
8.3 Overview of SRM field experiments 95
8.4 Research governance challenges for project teams and institutions 98
8.5 International governance challenges 99
8.6 Governance conclusions 101
Conclusions 102
Annexes 104
CONTENTS
4
relative to the risks of climate change without SRM? 79
7.1. Introduction 79
7.2 The terrestrial biosphere 79
7.2.1 Global Net Primary Productivity 79
7.2.3 Crops 83
7.2.4 Wildfires 84
7.3 The marine biosphere 85
7.4 The cryosphere 87
Chapter 8: An overview of SRM governance – recent developments,
governance principles, and practical challenges 90
8.1 International and domestic governance efforts 91
8.2 Voluntary research governance principles 92
8.3 Overview of SRM field experiments 95
8.4 Research governance challenges for project teams and institutions 98
8.5 International governance challenges 99
8.6 Governance conclusions 101
Conclusions 102
Annexes 104
CONTENTS
4
Brian Cady
Nov 6, 2025, 5:59:09 AM (4 days ago) Nov 6
to geoengineering
Is this Guardian article below, based on the Royal Society work?
Link goes to where I found it:
Hope this is appropriate for this group,
Brian
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Alan Gadian
Nov 6, 2025, 6:02:11 AM (4 days ago) Nov 6
to brianc...@gmail.com, geoengineering
The RS report was meant to come out months ago. I suspect this is a leak / real link to it? The report should be out soon, but from what i have heard the title seems appropriate to what i believe their thoughts are
A. ( at a WMO conference India discussing this)
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