The L Word Sub Indo

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Brian Bezdicek

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Aug 4, 2024, 6:08:48 PM8/4/24

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Everheard of the Indonesian dishes satay, sambal, or beef rendang? These dishes are popular in neighboring Malaysia and Singapore, as well. Food plays a large role in Indonesian culture, and learning food-related words can come in handy for your next shopping spree or restaurant visit.

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A Lycian language from the Anatolian branch of Indo-European languages has a word "ziw" meaning "God", which is exactly the same as a Lower Sorbian word "źiw" meaning "miracle, wonder". Similar to those two is also an Old High German word "Ziu" meaning "God". Upper Sorbian "dźiw" and Polish "dziw" might be good candidates for missing initial "D" in those words.

The "taivaz, taivas" word in Finnic languages meaning "sky" comes most certainly from the times of the Corded Ware Culture. Vedic Sanskrit "देव (daiv)" meaning "heavenly, divine" is proving that because it originated in Sintashta Culture that through Fatyanovo-Balanovo Culture derives itself from the Corded Ware Culture.

This is important because of the probable relation to the god called Dionysus. Later variants of his name include Diōnūsos in Boeotia, Dien(n)ūsos in Thessaly, Deonūsos and Deunūsos in Ionia, and Dinnūsos in Aeolia. A Dio- prefix is found in other names, such as that of the Dioscures, and may derive from Dios, the genitive of the name of Zeus. The second element -nūsos is associated with Mount Nysa, the birthplace of Zeus in Greek mythology, where he was nursed by nymphs (the Nysiads), but according to Pherecydes of Syros, nũsa was an archaic word for a tree.

Most European languages developed from a single language called Proto-Indo-European, spoken approximately from 4500 BC and 2500 BC somewhere in the Ukrainian and Russian steppe, at least according to the most widely accepted hypothesis.

Somewhat surprisingly, simple vocabulary in most modern European languages (such as numbers, immediate family members and some animals) developed from a single word in Proto-Indo-European, although its current forms have changed beyond recognition.

I did some research on the root of the English word 'love' and the French word 'amour' to attempt to find the roots of them. The farthest I can find back is two Proto-Indo-European words, "Lewb" meaning both to love and to cut off, and "Am" relating to the nurturing love between a mother and a baby (this may be wrong though- this is just what I've found). So is there any reason there were two words in this language for love? Is there a difference or is it simply two words that formed?

It should be noted, anything about Proto-Indo-European is purely hypothetical, based on comparing all its different descendants. That is, there are no Proto-Indo-European people we can go up to and interview about "what is the difference between this word and that word, exactly?", and there are no written inscriptions talking about a particular word and how it's used.

What we do have are texts in descendant languages that we can compare, that let us know that Latin amō and Ancient Greek philō and Hittite āssiya- and English "love" all mean roughly the same thing. But those all look very different, and don't point toward a single ancestor to all of them.

So, what does this tell us about Proto-Indo-European? Honestly, not much. Words get replaced over time for all sorts of reasons, and meanings shift, and new meanings arise and old ones die out. There's a pretty clear Proto-Indo-European root for "horse", but English "horse", Spanish caballo, and so on are completely unrelated to it due to changes over time: "horse", for example, goes back to a PIE root reconstructed as meaning "vehicle". Greek philō probably comes from an earlier word meaning "friendly", while Hittite āssiya- probably comes from an earlier word meaning "good", and Latin amō probably comes from an earlier word meaning "mother", and so on.

Even in terms of living languages, the existence of multiple words for a concept isn't unusual. Why does English have separate words "love", "affection", "crush", "romance", "liking", and so on? It doesn't necessarily tell us anything deep and meaningful about English or English-speakers; these are just distinctions that have arisen more or less by chance, and been useful enough to stick around.

And if it turns out that Proto-Indo-European is derived from some old hypothetical proto-language. The oldest Indo-European language - Hittite dates back to the second half of the second millennium BC. But in the caves of Spain and France there are rock paintings that even Picasso envied. Such old ingenious drawings testify to a high level of civilization and, most likely, language. And what was this language, worthy of incredible rock paintings. And that was 20-30,000 hours ago.

A list of words that contain Indo, and words with indo in them.This page finds any words that contain the word or letter you enter from a large scrabble dictionary.We also have lists of Words that end with indo,and words that start with indo.

This will depend on how the curse words are used and who the words are addressed to. Like in English, swear words in Indonesian are also used in a joking way. A lot of comedians, for example, say swear words to emphasize meanings or to make their jokes funnier.

Another thing who the bad word is directed to. Muslims, for examples, will find babi and anjing are offensive. This is due to their belief that those animals are considered dirty and haram, forbidden to touch or to eat by Islamic Law.

Now that you know most of swear words in Indonesia, I hope you can use them wisely. If you need a teacher to correct your word usages or improve your Indonesian in general, check out our online classes.

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The Usage Panel is a group of nearly 200 prominent scholars, creative writers, journalists, diplomats, and others in occupations requiring mastery of language. Annual surveys have gauged the acceptability of particular usages and grammatical constructions.

This dictionary carries the etymology of the English language to its logical and natural conclusion, for if the documentary history of words is of interest and value, so is their reconstructed prehistory. The historical component is given in the etymologies, after the definitions in the main body of the dictionary. This appendix supplies the prehistoric component, tracing the ultimate Indo-European derivations of those English words that are descended from a selected group of Indo-European roots.

In the appendix, the form given in boldface type at the head of each entry is, unless otherwise identified, an Indo-European root in its basic form. The basic root form is followed in some cases by one or more variants, also in boldface type. Then the basic reconstructed meaning or meanings of the root are given. Meanings that are different parts of speech are separated by a semicolon:

The text of each entry describes in detail the development of Modern English words from the root. Each numbered section of an entry begins with a list, in small capitals, of the Modern English words derived from a particular form of the root. (This list may be preceded by an intermediate step; see further below.) The simple (uncompounded) derivatives are given first; the compounds follow, separated from them by a semicolon. In some cases no further semantic or morphological development needs to be explained, and the lemma, the historically attested representative of the root, is given next, as avis at the entry awi-:

In order to emphasize the fact that English belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo-European and give precedence to directly inherited words in contrast to words borrowed from other branches, the intermediate stages in Germanic etymologies are covered in fuller detail. The Common or Proto-Germanic (here called simply Germanic) forms underlying English words are always given. Where no other considerations intervene, Germanic is given first of the Indo-European groups, and Old English is given first within Germanic, although this order of precedence is not rigidly applied.

The aim of this post is to cast a critical eye over the linguistics of each of these forms using evidence available on the internet. I am not a linguist. Feel free to shoot me down in flames or correct me if you have better information

Because the Anatolian languages are quite different from other IE languages they are sometimes excluded from PIE. Instead an earlier grouping is defined, called Proto-Indo-Hittite. For the purposes of this post I will include all branches in PIE.

Although there is some discussion, the next language branch generally thought to have split from the main IE group is the Tocharian branch. This is also extinct, but was present in the Taklamakan desert, north of the Himalayas.

After that no-one can really agree which language branch or branches were the next to separate off. Candidates include Celtic, Celto-Italic, Germanic, Greek-Armenian, Greek-Armenian-Indo-Iranian, Albanian, etc.