In Hellenic and Roman Egypt, the tesoro had a rather different meaning. It was a traditional building used to store grain, sometimes collected from state land or from taxes. It was a distribution center for rations to officials and soldiers. So, it still contained something valuable to the community but a bit more mundane!
The first, and most common use of tesoro in Italy is as a term of affection. If someone is sweet on you they might call you tesoro (in English it could be sweetie, darling, honey, sugar, my love, or my darling).
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