Hi, Fryan,
In order to be able to send messages from your server to the application you need to make sure you register for the right registration Id, send it to your server, and then use it in an HTTP call from the server. (This is what the curl command simulates in the notification sample).
chrome.gcm.send should be used for messaging from your client to the server, and your server requires a bit different setup than for push messaging only. Namely, you'll have to use XMPP connection, which will allow it to both push messages and receive messages from the client.
You don't have to go XMPP if you don't do a lot of two way messaging. E.g. if you only want to send your clients registration ID to the server, an XHR should be enough.
Please respond, if you have more questions.
Thanks.
Filip